✮
✯✰ ✯ ✱✲✳ ✰
✴ ✵✶ ✯✰
✳✷ ✳ ✯✶✸ ✹ ✯
✺ ✵ ✳ ✶
✳
t
✻ ✼
t
✯✶ ✵ ✽ ✵
✱ ✯ ✾✿ ✵
y
✵✶ ✽
✴ ✳❀✻ ✲ ✻ ❁ ✱ ✵✶
✴ ✵
✺ ✵ ❂
❃✾ ❄✷ ✯ ✷
❃ ✯✶
y
✳❂❃ ✵✶ ✵✶
✴ ✵✶
❃ ✯✶❅ ✵
t
✵
t
✵✶ ✴ ✵
t
✵ ❂
✯✶ ✿ ✵
✴ ✳ ✺ ✯
❀✳❁ ✷ ✯
✴ ✳ ✱ ✳
t
✸ ❆
✵ ✴
✵ ✱✯✶
y
✵
t
✵✵✶✶
y
✵✼ ✳ ✶ ✰
❄ ✾❂ ✵ ✷ ✳
❂ ✯✶✽ ✯✶ ✵ ✳
✱ ✯
✽✳ ✵
t
✵✶ ✵
✽ ✾✳❀✳✷ ✶✳✷ ❃
✯ ✾✳ ✱✵✶ ✵✶
t
✵✶✽ ✱ ✵ ❃
✴ ✳ ❆❆
❇ ❈
✯ ✿ ✵
w
✵✶✵✶ ✷ ✵✵
t
✳ ✶✳ ❀ ✯
✺✻ ❂
t
✯ ✾✷ ✯
✴ ✳ ✵ ✴ ✵
✺ ✵ ❂
✿✻ ❂✺ ✵ ❁
✴ ✵✶ ✱
✻ ✵
✺✳
t
✵ ✷
y
✵✶✽ ❂
✯ ❂
✵ ✴ ✵
✳ ✸ ❉
✶ ✰ ❄✾ ❂ ✵
✷ ✳
y
✵✶✽
t
✯ ✾✷ ✯
✴✳ ✵ ❂ ✵
✷ ✳❁ ✱✻✾ ✵✶✽
t
✯ ✾❄ ✾✽ ✵✶✳✷ ✳✾
✷ ✯ ❁ ✳ ✶
✽ ✽ ✵ ❂
✯✶ ✽
✵✱ ✳❀
✵
t
✱✵✶ ✷ ✻✺✳
t
✶
y
✵ ❃ ✾❄ ✷ ✯
✷ ❃ ✯✶
y
✳❂ ❃ ✵✶ ✵✶ ✴ ✵
t
✵ ✴ ✵✶
❃ ✯✶
❅ ✵✾✳ ✵✶ ✴ ✵
t
✵
y
✵✶✽ ✴ ✳❀✻ ✲✻❁
✱✵✶ ✸ ❈
✯ ✽✳ ✵
t
✵✶ ❃ ✯✶✽✻ ❂❃ ✻✺ ✵✶
✼ ❃
✯✶ ❅ ✵
t
✵
t
✵✶ ✴
✵✶ ❃
✯✶ ✽❄ ✺ ✵
❁ ✵✶
✴ ✵
t
✵ ❄ ✺ ✯
❁ ❃
✯✶ ✽
✯ ✺❄✺ ✵
❆❆ ❇
❈ ✯
✿ ✵
w
✵✶ ✵✶ ❂
✵ ✻❃ ✻ ✶
❄ ✺ ✯ ❁
❊✳ ✶✵ ✷
❆ ✯
✾✳ ✱✵✶ ✵✶ ❈
✵ ❀ ✻❃
✵
t
✯✶ ❋✳✾ ✯
❀ ❄ ✶ ❂
✵ ✷
✳❁ ✱✻✾ ✵✶✽
t
✯✾ ✵
t
✻✾ ✴ ✵ ✶
✱✻✾ ✵✶
✽ ✱
❄ ✶
✷ ✳✷ ✲✯✶ ✸ ❈
✯ ❀ ✯
✾ ✵
✴ ✵✵✶ ✷ ✳
t
✻✷ ❆
✻ ✷ ✵
t
❉ ✶✰❄✾❂
✵ ✷ ✳
❆ ✯
✺ ✵ ❀ ✻❁
✵✶ ❆
✯ ✾ ✳ ✱✵✶ ✵✶
● ❆❉❆❆
❍ ✷ ✯
❀ ✵
✽ ✵ ✳
✷ ✳✷ ✲ ✯ ❂
✳ ✶ ✰ ❄✾ ❂
✵ ✷ ✳
online
❃ ✯ ✺ ✵
❀ ✻❁ ✵✶
❃ ✯
✾✳ ✱ ✵✶✵✶ ✷ ✯
✺✻✾ ✻❁ ❉
✶ ✴ ❄ ✶ ✯
✷ ✳ ✵
✷ ✵✵
t
✳ ✶ ✳
❃✻ ✶
❂ ✵
✷ ✳❁
t
✯ ✾❀ ✵
t
✵ ✷
❄✺ ✯❁ ✱✯
t
✯ ✾ ✷ ✯
✴ ✳ ✵✵✶ ✰✵
✷ ✳✺✳
t
✵ ✷
✳ ✶ ✲ ✯
✾ ✶✯
t
✸ ❈
✯
t
✳ ✵ ✴
✵✵✶ ✷ ✳✷
✲ ✯ ❂
✳ ✶✰ ❄ ✾❂
✵ ✷ ✳
y
✵✶✽ ❂
✯ ❂ ✵
✴ ✵
✳ ✳ ✶✳
❂ ✯✶✽ ✵✱ ✳❀
✵
t
✱ ✵✶ ✴✳❃
✯ ✾✺✻
✱✵✶ ✶
y
✵
t
✯ ❂ ❃ ✵
t
❃ ✯✶
y
✳❂❃ ✵✶✵✶
y
✵✶ ✽
✺✻ ✵
✷ ✴
✵✶
t
✯✶ ✵ ✽ ✵
✱ ✯ ✾✿ ✵
y
✵✶ ✽
✺ ✯
❀✳❁ ❀
✵✶
y
✵✱ ✷ ✯
❁ ✳ ✶ ✽ ✽ ✵
t
✳✴ ✵✱ ✯✰✳
✷ ✳ ✯✶ ✸ ✹ ✯
❅ ✵ ✾ ✵
✱✯ ✷ ✯
✺✻✾
u
❁ ✵✶ ✼ ✱✯
❀ ✯
✾ ✵ ✴
✵✵✶ ✷
✳✷ ✲ ✯ ❂
✳ ✶✰ ❄ ✾❂
✵ ✷
✳
y
✵✶ ✽
✺ ✯
❀✳❁ ❂ ✯
❂ ✵
✴ ✵ ✳
✴ ✳❁ ✵ ✾ ✵
❃ ✱✵✶
✴ ✵
❃ ✵
t
❂ ✯ ❂ ❀ ✵✶✲
u
❃ ✵ ✾
✵ ❃ ✯✶✽ ✽✻ ✶ ✵
✳ ✶ ✰ ❄ ✾❂ ✵
✷ ✳ ✴
✵ ✺ ✵
❂ ❁
✵ ✺
❃ ✯
✾ ✯✶ ❅ ✵✶ ✵✵✶ ✼
❃ ✯✶
✽ ✯✶
✴ ✵
✺✳ ✵✶ ❄ ❃
✯ ✾ ✵
✷ ✳ ✼ ✷ ✯
✾
t
✵ ❃ ✯✶✽ ✵
❂ ❀✳✺ ✵✶ ✱✯
❃ ✻✲✻ ✷ ✵✶
y
✵✶ ✽
✺ ✯ ❀ ✳❁
❀ ✵
✳ ✱ ✸
1.2 Permasalahan
❆ ✯
✾❂ ✵
✷ ✵ ✺ ✵
❁ ✵✶
y
✵✶✽ ✵
✴ ✵
✴✳ ❆❆
❇ ❈
✯ ✿ ✵
w
✵✶ ✵✶
t
✯ ✾
✱✵ ✳
t
✴ ✯✶
✽ ✵✶
✷ ✳✷ ✲✯ ❂
✳ ✶✰❄✾❂ ✵
✷ ✳ ❂
✵✶✵ ✿ ✯
❂ ✯✶
✵ ✽✾ ✳❀✳✷ ✶
✳✷ ❃ ✯
✾✳ ✱ ✵✶✵✶
t
✵✶ ✽
✱✵ ❃
✵ ✴
✵ ✺ ✵
❁ ❃
✾❄ ✷ ✯ ✷
❃ ✯✶✽✻❂ ❃✻ ✺ ✵✶✼
❃ ✯✶
✽ ❄✺ ✵ ❁
✵✶✼ ❃
✯✶
y
✳❂ ❃ ✵✶ ✵✶ ✼ ✴ ✵✶
❃ ✯✶
❅ ✵ ✾ ✳ ✵✶
✴ ✵
t
✵ ❂
✵ ✷ ✳❁
❀ ✯
✺ ✻ ❂
✯✰ ✳✷ ✳ ✯✶
✱ ✵ ✾ ✯✶ ✵
✷ ✳✷ ✲ ✯
❂ ✳ ✶ ✰
❄✾ ❂ ✵ ✷ ✳
y
✵✶✽
t
✯ ✾✷ ✯
✴ ✳ ✵ ❂
✵ ✷
✳❁ ✱✻✾
✵✶ ✽
❂ ✯
❂ ✵ ✴
✵ ✳ ✼
✱ ✻ ✾ ✵✶✽
t
✯ ✾ ✵
t
✻ ✾ ✼ ✴ ✵✶
✱✻✾ ✵✶
✽
t
✯ ✾ ❄✾ ✽ ✵✶
✳✷ ✳✾ ✴ ✯✶✽ ✵✶
❀ ✵ ✳ ✱ ✼
✷ ✯ ❁✳ ✶
✽ ✽ ✵ ❃ ✯✾ ✵✶
❅ ✵✶
✽ ✵✶
✴ ✵✶
❃ ✯ ❂ ❀✻
✵
t
✵✶ ✷ ✳✷
✲ ✯ ❂
✳ ✶✰ ❄ ✾❂
✵ ✷
✳
y
✵✶✽ ✺ ✯
❀ ✳❁ ❀
✵ ✳ ✱
✷ ✵✶ ✽
✵
t
✴ ✳ ❃
✯ ✾✺✻
✱✵✶ ✻ ✶✲✻ ✱
❂ ✯✶✳ ✶ ✽
✱✵
t
✱ ✵✶ ✯✰✳✷
✳ ✯✶✷ ✳
w
✵✱
tu
✴ ✵✶
✱ ✯
t
✯ ✺✳
t
✳ ✵✶ ✴ ✵
✺ ✵ ❂
❃✾❄ ✷ ✯ ✷
✲ ✯ ✾✷ ✯
❀✻ ✲ ✸
1.3 Tujuan
■ ✻✿✻ ✵✶
✴ ✳✺ ✵✱ ✻
✱✵✶ ✶
y
✵ ❃
✯✶ ✯ ✺✳
t
✳ ✵✶ ❂
✯✶ ✽
✯✶✵ ✳
✷ ✳✷
t
✯ ❂
✳ ✶✰ ❄ ✾❂
✵ ✷
✳ ❂ ✵✶ ✵
✿ ✯ ❂ ✯✶
✵ ✽ ✾✳❀✳✷ ✶✳✷
❃ ✯ ✾✳ ✱ ✵✶✵✶
✲ ✵✶✽ ✱ ✵ ❃
✴✳ ❆❆
❇ ❈
✯ ✿ ✵
w
✵✶ ✵✶ ✵
✴ ✵
✺ ✵ ❁
✻ ✶✲✻ ✱ ❏
❑ ❍
▲ ✯✶✽ ✯
t
✵ ❁ ✻✳
✽ ✵ ❂❀
✵ ✾ ✵✶
✷ ✳✷ ✲ ✯ ❂
✳ ✶ ✰ ❄✾ ❂ ✵
✷ ✳ ✴ ✳
❆❆ ❇
❈ ✯
✿ ✵
w
✵✶ ✵✶
y
✵ ✶ ✽
❂ ✯✶❅ ✵✱ ✻ ❃
❃ ✯ ✾ ❂ ✵
✷ ✵ ✺ ✵
❁ ✵✶ ✴ ✵✶
✱✯ ❀
u t
✻ ❁ ✵✶ ✳ ✶ ✰
❄✾ ❂ ✵ ✷ ✳
❃ ✵
✾ ✵ ❃ ✯
✺ ✵✱✻ ✵
✽ ✾✳❀✳✷ ✶✳✷ ❃
✯ ✾✳ ✱ ✵✶✵✶
t
✵✶ ✽
✱✵ ❃
✴ ✳ ❆❆
❇ ❈
✯ ✿ ✵
w
✵✶ ✵✶✸
▼
◆❖ P◗❘ ❙❚ ❯
t
❱ ❲❱ ❳◗❘
❲❨❩ ❬❭❘ ❯❱ ❲ ❘ ❯❨ ❯
❪◗❘◗ ❨ ❯❫
❭ ❲
❙ ❲❱ ❨❲❱ ❴◗❭ ❲
❵ ❯❨ ❯❨
t
❯❨ ❫ ❵
❯❴ ❙◗❭
❙❯❱ ❲❱ ❵ ❬❘ ❴❚❳◗❭
❛
software
❖ ❙◗❭ ❜ ❯❱
❯❭❵ ❯❨
❫ ❯ ❘ ❙ ❯
❭ ❯❨ ❱ ❲❱
❳◗❘ ❲❨
❩ ❬❭❘ ❯❱
❲ ❜ ❲
❝❝❞ ❡
◗❪ ❯
w
❯❨❯❨
t
◗❭ ❱
◗ ❙ ❚ ❳
❜❯ ❢
❯ ❘
❭ ❯❨ ❫ ❵
❯ ❘ ◗ ❨❲❨ ❫
❵ ❯
t
❵ ❯❨ ❘
u tu
❜ ❯❨ ❴◗
❢ ❯
y
❯❨❯❨ ❲❨❩ ❬❭❘ ❯❱ ❲
❜❯ ❭
❲ ❴❲
❣ ❯
❵ ❘
❯❨❯ ❪◗❘ ◗ ❨
❝❝❞ ❡
◗❪ ❯
w
❯❨ ❯❨ ❱
◗ ❤
❯ ❭
❯ ◗❩
◗❵ ❳❲ ❩
❜❯❨ ◗❩ ❲❱ ❲
◗ ❨ ✐
▼ ❖ P◗ ❨ ❫❲
❘ ❴ ❢
◗❘◗ ❨❳ ❯❱ ❲
❵ ❯❨
software
❱ ❲❱ ❳◗❘
❲❨ ❩
❬ ❭❘
❯❱ ❲
❘ ❯❨❯
❪◗❘ ◗ ❨ ❯❫❭ ❲❙ ❲❱
❨ ❲❱ ❴
◗❭ ❲
❵ ❯❨❯❨
t
❯❨ ❫ ❵
❯❴ ❝❝❞
❡ ◗❪ ❯
w
❯❨❯❨
t
◗❭ ❱
◗ ❙❚❳ ❜ ❯
❢ ❯
❘ ❯❨❯
❢ ❲❱ ❲❱
❚ ❱ ❯ ❣
❯ ❴
◗ ❨ ❯❨❫❵ ❯❴ ❯❨ ❲
❵ ❯❨ ✐
1.4 Manfaat
P ❯❨❩ ❯❯
t
❜❯ ❭ ❲
❴ ◗ ❨◗
❢ ❲
t
❲❯❨ ❲ ❨❲
❯❜ ❯ ❢
❯ ❣
❱ ◗ ❙ ❯❫ ❯❲
❙ ◗❭
❲ ❵ ❚❳ ❥
❦❖ P◗❘ ❴◗❭
❤ ◗ ❴ ❯
t
❜ ❯❨ ❘ ◗❘ ❴◗❭❘ ❚ ❜ ❯
❣ ❴
❭ ❬❱
◗ ❱ ❴◗ ❨
y
❲ ❘
❴❯❨ ❯❨❧ ❴◗ ❨❫❬
❢ ❯
❣ ❯❨
❜❯❨ ❴
◗ ❨ ❤
❯ ❭ ❲❯❨
❲❨❩ ❬ ❭ ❘ ❯❱ ❲
❜❲ ❝❝❞
❡ ◗❪ ❯
w
❯❨ ❯❨ ❙❯❲
❵ ❙ ❯❫❲
❴ ❲ ❣
❯ ❵
❨◗ ❢
❯
y
❯❨❧ ❴◗ ❨❫❚ ❱ ❯
❣ ❯
❴ ◗❭
❲ ❵
❯❨❯❨ ❧ ❘
❯ ❚
❴ ❚
❨ ❴ ❲
❣ ❯
❵ ❘
❯❨❯ ❪◗❘ ◗ ❨
❝❝ ❞
❡ ◗❪ ❯
w
❯❨ ❯❨ ❲
tu
❱ ◗ ❨ ❜❲
❭ ❲
❱ ◗
❣ ❲❨ ❫❫❯
❪❚ ❫ ❯ ❜❯❴ ❯
t
❘ ◗❘ ❴ ◗❭ ❘❚
❜❯ ❣
❴❭ ❬ ❱ ◗ ❱
❴◗ ❨ ❫❯ ❘ ❙ ❲
❢ ❯❨
❵ ◗ ❴ ❚ ❳❚ ❱ ❯❨
✐ ◆❖
P◗ ❨❲❨ ❫ ❵
❯
t
❵ ❯❨ ❵◗❘
❯ ❘
❴ ❚
❯❨ ❴ ❲
❣ ❯
❵ ❴
◗ ❨◗ ❢
❲
t
❲ ❜❯
❢ ❯
❘ ❘ ◗❭ ❯❨
❤ ❯❨❫
❱ ❚
❯
tu
❱ ❲❱ ❳◗❘
❲❨ ❩ ❬❭❘
❯❱ ❲
❙◗❭ ❙ ❯❱ ❲❱
❵ ❬
❘ ❴❚❳◗❭
y
❯❨ ❫ ❜ ❯❴ ❯
t
❘◗❘ ◗ ❨ ❚
❣ ❲
❵ ◗ ❙ ❚ ❳
❚ ❣
❯❨ ❴❯
❭ ❯
❴ ◗ ❨ ❫❫❚ ❨ ❯
❯
t
❯
u
❴ ◗
❢ ❯
❵❚ ❵◗ ❫ ❲❯
t
❯❨ ❴
◗ ❭ ❲ ❵
❯❨❯❨
t
❯❨ ❫ ❵
❯❴ ❜ ❲
❝❝❞ ❡
◗❪ ❯
w
❯❨❯❨ ❜❯
❢ ❯
❘ ❘ ◗ ❨❫ ❯
❵ ❱ ◗ ❱
❜❯❨ ❘◗ ❨ ❫❬
❢ ❯
❣ ❲❨
❩ ❬❭❘ ❯❱
❲ ❱
◗ ❭
t
❯ ❘ ◗❘ ❴
◗❭ ❘❚ ❜❯
❣ ❴❭ ❬❱
◗ ❱ ❴◗ ❨ ❫❯
❘ ❙ ❲ ❢
❯❨ ❵◗ ❴❚❳❚ ❱ ❯❨
✐ ▼ ❖
P◗ ❨❚ ❨❪❯❨ ❫ ❴
◗❭❵ ◗❘ ❙❯❨ ❫❯❨
❲ ❢
❘
u
❴ ◗ ❨ ❫
◗
t
❯ ❣
❚ ❯❨ ❜ ❯❨
t
◗❵ ❨ ❬ ❢
❬ ❫❲ ❜ ❲
❙❲❜ ❯❨ ❫ ❱ ❲❱
❳◗❘ ❲❨
❩ ❬❭❘ ❯❱
❲ ❴
◗❭ ❲ ❵
❯❨ ❯❨ ❳ ❯❨ ❫❵ ❯❴
✐
1.5 Batasan Penelitian