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Figure 7 Land Use Map of Banyuasin Regency
3.3.3 Existing of Rubber Plantation
The Spot image was classified using Supervised Classification technique into several types of plantations. The classification processed was completed by
land use data, areas statistic data, which obtained from the Banyuasin local government.
In supervised classification the process was validated by defining the spectral characteristics of the classes by identifying simple areas training areas.
After that, all vector data required were extracted using spatial processing software. The existing of rubber plantation data resulting will be used for the next
spatial processing.
3.3.4 Productivity of Rubber Analysis
The main aim of this analysis is to evaluate condition of productivity of rubber in 2009. Land suitability and existing of rubber analysis produced four
conditions. The first condition is ‘not suitable but not planted with rubber’, the second condition is ‘not suitable but planted with rubber’, the third condition is
29
‘suitable but planted with rubber’ and the last condition is ‘suitable but not planted with rubber’.
The first condition will be excluded, but the second and the third condition were overlaid with productivity of rubber in 2009. The results of this overlay if
high productivity value can retained to keep planted with rubber but for low productivity value can recommended to keep plant with rubber until produce
wood, after that to change planted with other crops which suitable with characteristic of land suitability or develop rubber plantation along with
production management. The land suitable but not planted with rubber or the fourth condition was
spatially analyzed with existing shrub, then to shrub areas was analyzed using multi criteria analysis using Analytical Hierarchy Process AHP to determine
area priority to be developed as rubber plantation in sub regencies of Banyuasin Regency.
3.3.5 Multi Criteria Analysis
This research aimed at applying the Analytic Hierarchy Process AHP with ratings method to select area development of rubber in sub regency of
Banyuasin Regency. Using ratings means categorizing previously defined criteria andor sub-criteria in study to classify alternatives.
All criteriafactors, which are considered relevant for a decision, are compared against each other in a pair-wise comparison matrix which is a measure
to express the relative preference among the factors. Therefore numerical values expressing a judgment of the relative importance or preference of one factor
against another have to be assigned to each factor. Since it is known from psychological studies that an individual cannot simultaneously compare more than
7 ± 2 elements, Saaty 1977 and Saaty Vargas 1991 suggested a scale for comparison consisting of values ranging from 1 to 9 which describe the intensity
of importance preferencedominance. A value of 1 expresses “equal importance” and a value of 9 are given for those factors having an “extreme importance” over
another factor Table 10.
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Table 10 Scale and Definition of Pair-wise Comparisons Saaty and Vargas, 1991
No Intensity of
Importance Definition
1 1
Equal Importance 2
3 Moderate importance of one factor over another
3 5
Strong or essential importance 4
7 Very strong importance
5 9
Extreme importance 6
2.4.6.8 Intermediate value between the two adjacent
judgments
7 Reciprocals of
above non-zero numbers
If an activity has one of the above numbers e.g. 3 compared with a second activity, then the second
activity has the reciprocal value i.e., 13 then compared to the first
Applying this step to development area analysis, decision criteria relevant to our goal were identified and arranged in the hierarchy illustrated in Figure 8.
Within each level of the hierarchy, the relative importance between each pair of criteria or among pairs of sub-criteria relating to an upper single criterion
to the overall goal is evaluated. A nine-point scale is used for these evaluations. The third and final step in the AHP requires evaluation of the pair-wise
comparison matrices using measurement theory. A standardized eigenvector is
Priority Development of Rubber Plantation
Socia l Economy
• Rubber Area • Number of rubber
Fa rmer
Goal Crit eria
• Ra tio of income of rubber with non rubber
• Ra tio of cost of rubber with non rubber
Sub-crit eria
Figure 8 Rela tionship a mong goal, criteria, sub-criteria a nd a lternatives in AHP.
Alt ernat ives
Sub Regency B Sub Regency A
Sub Regency C Sub Regency D
31 extracted from each comparison matrix, allowing us to assign weights to criteria and
sub-criteria.
In this research, the decision matrix is formed to obtain the value of importance of the criteria, sub criteria and ratings. These values attribute are based
on Saaty Fundamental Scale Saaty, 1980. For each decision, the Consistency Ratio CR is calculated.
When dealing with multidiscipline expert with various judgments, it is important to check one by one of those consistencies of judgments. The selected
result that has good consistency should be merged into one value. To merge the values of expert judgment, geometric mean method can be used Marimin, 2008
in Nugroho, 2010. Pair wise comparison matrix process will use the result of geometric average method. The result of the completed questionnaire distributed
to experts as main input data to calculate matrix. The ratings with AHP method considered social and economic factors.
This analysis has a purpose to determine priorities of sub regency for rubber development. Social factor used several variables such as area of rubber and
number of rubber farmer. Economic factor used also two variables i.e. ratio income of rubber with non rubber and ratio cost of rubber with non rubber.
In rating models, each variable should be categorized into several classes 4 – 5 classes. This classes show the conditions of each variables such as highly
suitable, moderately suitable, marginally suitable and not suitable. For number of rubber farmer was classified into very high number of farmers vhn, high number
of farmers hn, moderate number of farmers mn, small number of farmers sn and very small number of farmer vsn. This variable is indicated rubber is
socially accepted if the number of rubber farmer is greater. For Area of rubber was claaified into very large, large, medium, small and very small. This variable
is indicated rubber is socially accepted if the area of rubber is greater. Then for ratio income of rubber with non rubber was classified into very high, high,
medium, low and very low. This variable is indicated rubber is economically accepted if the income of rubber is greater and for ratio cost of rubber with non
rubber was classified into very large, large, moderate, small and very small. This variable is indicated rubber is economically accepted if the cost of rubber is
smaller please see Appendix 5.
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IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
This research is divided into three major parts: land suitability analysis for rubber plantation, productivity rubber analysis, and multi criteria analysis.
4.1 General Condition of the Study Area
4.1.1 Topography
The most important elements in topography are reliefslope and elevation. The relief is related to land management and erosion hazard, while elevation is
related to temperature and solar radiation and thus closely linked to plant requirements. According to the topography, Banyuasin Regency consists of 80
lowland in the form of coastal area, tidal swampy area are lowland at Banyuasin river stream consisting 20 of plateau and hilly area with a height ranging from
20 to 140 meter of above sea level.
4.1.2 Climate
Air temperature and rainfall data will be obtained from BMKG in Jakarta. The average air temperature in South Sumatra Province ranges from 25 to 27
C. Rainfalls throughout the year, the heaviest rainfall occurred during the rainy
season which lasts from November to April. For land evaluation, the required data
are annual rainfall and the number of dry and wet months. Oldeman 1975 climatic classes are based on the number of consecutive wet months and dry
months. The wet months are the months. This criterion is more applicable for annual crops. In the study area has tropical climate with variation of rainfall 1.97
mmyear – 13.32 mmyear.
4.1.3 Land Use and Land Cover
The main activity of traditional people in the study area is farming. More than half of the regency areas is utilized for agriculture, while the rest, less than
half of the area for non-agriculture including buildings, lawn and settlements. The width of agriculture area is 719.917 ha consisting of rice fields 270.548 ha, farms
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