Chapter III Methodology: this chapter describes research methods,

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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The previous chapter elaborated the literature review underlying the study. This chapter now will turn to the methodology used in the study. This chapter consists of design of the study, subject of the study, data collection, and data analysis which will be elaborated in the following sections.

3.1 Design of the Study

This study was conducted based on a qualitative method. Qualitative research as defined by Denzin and Lincoln in Joubish, 2011, p. 2083 is a method which studies the things in the natural setting. In accordance with the article written by Joubish et al. 2011, the qualitative research is aimed to find the reasons and explanations, but not simply the description of the method of research and the sum of its results. This type of research deals with the unstructured information and relies on the people’s behaviors, attitudes, their value systems, concerns, motivations, aspirations, and culture or lifestyles. Fraenkel et al. 2012, p. 426 described that qualitative research goes directly to the particular setting of interest to observe and collect the data. There are six characteristics of qualitative methods Bogdan and Biklen, 2007. First, the research must be in a natural setting. Second is the key instrument of the research. The research becomes the key instrument of the research, in which the researcher collects the data directly. Third, the research is written in descriptive form and the data is in the form of words rather than number. Fourth, the process of research is more important than outcome. Five, the meaning of the research is the main purpose in the research. Last, the research tends to be inductive. It can be said that the qualitative research does not formulate the hypothesis before testing it out. Thomas 2003, p 3 said that in inductive analysis, the data is determined by both of the research objectives and multiple readings and interpretations of the data. Thus the