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The Prefix per – The Prefix pe- The Prefix –i The Suffix –en The Prefix dis-

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c. The Suffix –ify

The suffix –ify may be attached to the base froms of the nouns. Examples beauty noun + -ify = beautify verb ‘ to make someone beautiful ‘ class noun + -ify = classify verb‘ to arrange in class or group ‘ amply noun + -ify = amplify verb‘ to make larger or fuller information’

4.1.6 The Distributions in Karonese

The distributions deal with the types of the word-class of the base which can be attached by the affixes.

4.1.6.1 The Karonese Prefix a. The Prefix er-

The prefix er- may be attached to the base forms of the nouns. Examples. er- + kabeng noun = erkabeng verb ‘ to have wings ‘ er- + pemegi noun = erpemegi verb ‘ to have hearing ‘ er- + juma noun = erjuma verb ‘ to work as a farmer ‘ er- + kesah noun = erkesah verb ‘ to have breath, to breathe ‘

b. The Prefix per –

The prefix per – may be attached to the base forms of the numerals. Examples. per- + sada numeral = persada verb ‘ to become one ‘ per- + dua numeral = perdua verb ‘ to devide in half ‘ Universitas Sumatera Utara 50 per- + telu numeral = pertelu verb ‘ to devide into three’ per- + pitu numera = perpitu verb ‘ to devide into seven’

c. The Prefix pe-

The prefix pe- may be attached to the base forms of the verb and the adjectives. Examples. pe- + galang adjective = pegalang verb ‘ to make something bigger ‘ pe- + kitik adjective = pekitik verb ‘ to make something smaller ‘ pe- + lawes verb = pelawes verb ‘to ask someone to go ‘

d. The Prefix –i

The prefix –i may be attached to the base forms of the verbs. Examples. i- + pekpek verb = ipekpek verb ’ to be hit ‘ i- + tukur verb = itukur verb ‘ to be bought ‘ i- + buat verb = ibuat verb ‘ to be taken ‘ Universitas Sumatera Utara 51

4.1.6.2 The Karonese suffix a. The Suffix –i

The suffix –i may be attached to the base froms of the nouns and the verbs Examples. lau noun + -i = laui verb‘ to put water on ‘ tambar noun + -i = tambari verb‘ to give medicine to ‘ kulit noun + -i = kuliti verb‘ to remove the skin from ‘ Pekpek verb + -i = pekpeki verb‘ to hit someone or something repeatedly ‘ ema verb + -i = emai verb‘ to kiss someone repeatedly ‘

b. The Suffix –en

The suffix –en may be attached to the base forms of the verbs. Examples kiam verb + -en = kiamken verb ‘ to all run‘ lawes verb + -en = lawesken verb‘ to all go ‘ mbulak verb + -en = mbulaken verb‘ to all fall down ‘ cires verb + -en = ciresen verb‘ to leak everywhere ‘ mambur verb + -en = mamburen verb‘ to flow everywhere ‘

c. The Suffix –ken

The suffix –ken may be attached to the base froms of the verbs. Examples. kundul verb + -ken = kundulken verb ‘ sit.. ‘ lawes verb + -ken = lawesken verb ‘ go.. ‘ Universitas Sumatera Utara 52 ngisap verb + -ken = ngisapkenverb ‘ smoke..’ ndarat verb + -ken = ndaratken verb ‘ go out ..’ tutup verb + -ken = tutupken verb ‘ shut it ..’ tulis verb + -ken = tulisken verb‘ write it..’ reh verb + -ken = rehken verb‘ to make come, summon’ tading verb + -ken = tadingken verb ‘ to make remain, to leave behind ‘ belin verb + -ken = belinken verb ‘ to make big ‘

4.1.7 The Meanings or Notions in English

The notions deal with the meaning of the affixes after being attached to the base forms

4.1.7.1 The English Prefix a.The Prefix en-

The meaning of the prefix en- may be considered as follows: - To state the meaning of ‘ to make ’ of what is mentioned in the base forms. Examples. en- + rich = enrich ‘ to make someone rich ‘ en- + able = enable ‘ to make someone able to do something ‘ en- + large = enlarge ‘ to become or make something larger ’ -To state the meaning of ‘put into’ of what is mentioned in the base froms. Examples. en- + code = encode ‘ to put a massage into code ‘ Universitas Sumatera Utara 53

b. The Prefix dis-

The meaning of the prefix dis- is to state the meaning of ‘not’ or ‘opposite’ of what is mentioned in the base forms Examples dis- + connect = disconnect ‘ to detach something from something ‘ dis- + approve = disapproce ‘ to consider something to be foolish ‘ dis- + lilke = dislike ‘ to have difference ‘ dis- + able = disable ‘ to make someone unable to do something ‘

c. The Prefix over-

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