Purpose of Reading Reading Comprehension

12 Reader deals with a longer text as a whole, which requires the ability to understand the component part and their contribution the overall meaning usually for one’s own pleasure. This is fluency activity mainly involving global understanding. For example, reading a newspaper, article, short story or novel. Besides that, there are two kinds of reading strategies to get out a certain idea from the text according to the reade r’s need. Those are skimming and scanning. Skimming is used to get a general idea or information. According to Haris and Sipay, they state skimming involves very superficial, rapid reading to get a general overall impression. 14 Skimming permits people to gain a general idea about material when that is their purpose, rather than to read all material in detail. One of useful skimming technique is to read only the first sentence of each paragraph and read the introduction or summary more carefully. So, when skimming the reader goes through the reading material quickly in order to get the gist of it, and to know how it is recognized, or to get an idea. Scanning is used to find specific information that the reader need. According to Harris and Sipay, the state that scanning involves rapid reading to finds the answer to a very specific question, such as a name, a date, a telephone number and so on. 15 In scanning, a reader should have purpose in order to find specific information needed because when scanning the reader only tries to locate specific information and he simply let his eyes over the text until he find what he s looking for. The each kind of the reading has been explained above requiring different approaches and techniques in achieving the goal. Therefore a reader using different kinds of reading depends on their purpose. 14 Albert J. Harris and Edward R. Sipay, How to Increase Reading Ability ,6 th ed, New York: David Mckey Company, Inc, 1975, p. 447. 15 Albert J. Harris and Edward R. Sipay. How to Increase Reading Ability, 6 th ed, ... p. 480. 13

C. Media for Teaching

1. Short Story

a. Definitions of Short Story

In Mochtar Lubis book “Teknik Mengarang” B. Mathews said: “It is not short story if there was not a thing to telling,…..short stories has something to deliver, although……”. 16 The writer also found in Henry Guntur Tarigan book, also found that Ellery. S said: “Short story is a presentation of a single circumstances or groups which especially impressing a first sight of readers ”. 17 Based on the statement above the writer can say that short story is a story that happens in short duration, it hasn’t many characters and conflict in it is not so complicated. Therefore, the writer can serve this story in one of information in the story briefly, and the important thing is the students can understand it easily because the words are simple. Beside for the success of language focus purpose, especially in teaching reading, short story also engages students to improve their motivation in reading because of short story has many stories that are made the students interested in read it.

b. Kinds of Short Story

1 Based on the quality Henry Guntur Tarigan said that, “Partitioning of classifying of short stories could be worked in any point of view”; which the general are: a. Based on words b. Based on value. 18 16 Muchtar Lubis, Teknik Mengarang, Jakarta: Kurnia Esa, 1981, p. 13. 17 Henry Guntur Tarigan, Prinsip- prinsip Dasar Sastra: Cet. Ke-10, Bandung: Angkasa, 1985, p. 176. 18 Henry Guntur Tarigan, Prinsip-Prinsip, ... p. 178.