To Children’s Parents or Caregivers To Readers

8 can be indicated as lullabies if they have audibly soft melody whose contents are about encouraging sleep and simple.

3. Play Songs

Unlike lullabies whose function is to soothe children, play songs are created to encourage them to be more cheerful and active. Based on Suliteanu, 1979, the roles of play songs are “to amuse the child when he is awake by lifting him up in the arms, playing with his fingers and palms, tickling him, moving his hands and feet, teaching basic movements” as cited in Trehub Trainor, 1998, p. 53. Trehub and Trainor 1998, p. 53 also articulate that the prominent features of play songs are their capability to invite children showing “lively and exuberant performances .” It means play songs are related to songs whose characteristics are energetic and actively demanding children’s participation. 9

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

The purpose of this chapter is essentially to spotlight the theories used as the bases of conducting this research. It is divided into three major sections, namely the review of related studies, the theoretical description, and the theoretical framework section. The review of related studies was presented to give a brief understanding related to previous relevant sound symbolism studies and to see what aspects make this research distinct from them. The theoretical description provides a review of related studies and a number of closely relevant theories to this current research, namely sound symbolism and children songs covering lullabies and play songs. Afterwards, the theoretical framework embraces the synthesis of all theories in the theoretical description to respond to the research problems.

A. Review of Related Studies

In real life, the emergence of sound symbolism inevitably exists within humans‟ communication, both in oral and written forms. That fact invites the interests of linguists and scholars from various backgrounds in understanding such phenomenon happening worldwide. One of many topics discussed mostly in connection with sound symbolism is the application of using sound symbolism by children or children literature.