Data Analysis Technique RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

26 Excerpt 3.1 One day that goat felt frisk and fine Ate three red shirts, right off the line The man he grabbed him by the back And tied him to a railroad track Rhodes 1994, p. 276 in his article mentions that track, trip, drive, and drag are the examples of words possessing onset tr-dr- whose purpose is to describe simple paths or a set of actions verb. In spite of this, the word track in the last line of Excerpt 3.1 functions differently, not as described by Rhodes’ theory. It is preceded by the words a and railroad forming a specific context. As a result, it does not refer to a particular action verb, but “the pair of long metal bars fixed on the ground at an equal distance from each other, along which trains travel” “Track”. In brief, the word track in Excerpt 3.1 constitutes a special term for describing a way on which trains run noun. Even though this research was conducted as a qualitative research with descriptive data, which means its data were collected in the words forms Bogdan Biklen, 2003, p. 5, the researcher provided a column for the frequency record of sound symbolic occurrences. Numbers put in the column were not the primary research data, but aimed to be supporting data. The next step of data analysis was to explain the function of each sound symbolic word found in lullabies and play songs. It was important to provide a list of sound symbolic words along with their functions because it could avoid a complicated discussion in the following chapter. Table 3.3 was created as a research instrument to meet the aforementioned purpose. 27 Table 3.3 List of Sound Symbolic Words in Lullabies Play Songs LULLABIES PLAY SONGS No. Word Phonetic Transcription Number of Occurrence Song No. Sound Symbolism Category Function 1. 2. 3. Table 3.3 contains more detailed information related to the sound symbolic words obtained previously. The researcher determined to use this table to bring systematic explanation of each sound symbolic word’s function in representing something. Every sound symbolic word was presented along with its phonetic transcription in US version taken from Cambridge Dictionary online version, and several words which were not available in the dictionary were transcribe manually. Each function of the entire words was derived from several dictionaries; those were the Third Ed ition of Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary electronic version, Oxford Dictionaries online version, Merriam- Webster online version, and Dictionary.com online version.

F. Research Procedure

To keep this research on the track, the researcher conducted it by following determined steps. Those steps were elaborated as follows. 28 1. Visiting various websites Before collecting the data, the researcher looked for websites containing English children songs through a search engine named Google. After that, the researcher ascertained that those websites provided lullabies and play songs. 2. Transcribing English children songs To determine whether or not English children songs could be taken as the research subject, the researcher listened to the songs and transcribed them. Besides, the researcher downloaded its audio form as well. 3. Sorting the selected songs After selecting songs, the researcher put the gathered songs into two types of song, namely lullabies and play songs. 4. Analyzing the sound symbolic words The researcher identified sound symbolic words found in each song and classified them into categories based on sound symbolism theories, namely corporeal, imitative, synesthetic, and conventional sound symbolism. 5. Defining the function of each sound symbolic word To make the readers understand precisely and systematically the origin of the sound symbolic words categorization, the researcher provided the function of each word. It aimed to show what is represented by each word. 6. Drawing conclusions After finishing the previous stages, the researcher drew a conclusion from the research findings and rechecked them whether the findings were able to answer the determined research problems or not. 29 7. Writing the thesis The last stage was to write all stages done by the researcher during conducting this research in detail.