43 As seen in table 3.1 above, there were two examples of the relative clauses
and the functions. The first relative clause appeared in the first example was that Rhodes expects from chefs in the Far East. It was a defining relative clause
which functioned to modify the subject of the main clause, another thing. While
for the second example, the relative clause was who became Pakistan 11
th
prime minister the following year. It was a non-defining relative clause which
functioned to modify the object, Benazir Bhuto.
Table 3.2. Relative pronouns
No Relative Pronoun
Personalnon personal Function
1 That
Non-personal As an object within the
relative clause. 2
Who Personal
As a subject within the relative clause.
In table 3.2 above, we could see that the relative pronoun for the first
relative clause was that which functioned as the object in the relative clause construction while the second relative clause had who as the relative pronoun
which functioned as the subject in the relative clause.
E. Data Analysis Technique
The next step was the data analysis technique. The data analysis technique explained the way I had used to analyze and arrange the data. In analyzing the
data, I checked and examined all of the data in order to get the validity before presenting them. Therefore, in this phase, I employed the theories from experts
44 that had been mentioned in chapter two to overcome how to differentiate the kinds
of the relative clauses. The theories also helped me to categorize the relative clauses into the functions whether the relative clauses functions were to modify a
subject, an object, a complement or an object of the preposition. The theories were also fruitful in explaining to what categories the relative pronouns were and the
functions of the relative pronouns within the relative clauses. In categorizing the relative clauses, I only focused on seven relative pronouns which are who, that,
whom, which, whose, of which, and Zero relative Ø, and the combinations of those relative pronouns with the preposition to, namely to which, to whom,
That … to, whom … to, which … to, and Ø … to.
F. Research Procedure
The last phase of this chapter was the research procedure which explained about the steps I had employed in conducting the research. Since the method of
this research was content analysis, so, I employed some steps, which supported the method, from Fraenkel, Wallen, and Hyun 2015 to classify the order of the
steps. In doing the research, I explained the procedures consequtively to avoid misunderstanding from the readers.
The first step was to determine the objective of this research. In this research I had three objectives to achieve which were how readers differentiate
between the defining and non-defining relative clauses, to find the functions of the relative clauses, and to find the functions of the relative pronouns in the features
columns in the JP. After determining the objective, I came to the second step PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
45 which was to define the terms. In this part, I defined some terms related to the
research such as relative clause, feature, and the relative pronoun. In the third step, I specified the unit of analysis. In this step I specified that the units to be
discussed or analyzed were the clauses since the relative clauses were classified into clauses. The fourth step was to locate the relevant data. In this case, I took the
data from the articles in the features columns in the JP. In the fifth step, I developed the rationale of this research. In this part, I showed the relation between
the collected data the articles which contained the relative clauses with the three objectives of this research. Moreover, I could obtain the objectives by analyzing
the collected data in the features columns in the JP. The sixth step dealt with developing the sampling plan. The sampling plan in this research would be the
sentences containing the relative clauses. After doing the sixth step, the seventh step was to formulate the data into specific categories which were kinds of the
relative clauses, functions of the relative clauses, and the functions of the relative pronouns. The eighth step referred to either the content was manifest or latent. In
this thesis I showed that this research referred to both the manifest content and the latent content. Since I needed to analyze whether a clause in the matrix clause was
a relative clause or not, so the content was latent while for the relative pronoun, I could just directly see through the appearances of the relative pronoun in the
relative clause without drawing the inferences. The ninth step was to analyze the data. In analyzing the data, firstly, I needed to read the data and found all of the
relative clauses related to this research. After doing the first step, I categorized all of the relative clauses into defining and non-defining relative clauses. After
46 categorizing the kinds, I grouped the collected relative clauses based on their
classifications of functions. The classifications were in the form of the relative clauses that described or modified the subject, object, complement or the object of
the preposition. The last step to do in analyzing data was to classify the functions of the relative pronouns within the relative clauses, whether they served as a
subject, an object of the verb, an object of the preposition, or a possessive. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
47
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
