times, our occur 6 times, its occur once , your occurs twice, me occur once, and my also occurs once , and comparative reference more that is
appear twice
3.2. Lexical Cohesion in Text Three
a. Paragraph one
Ranking matter, but so do the people who give the care. A lot of
data goes into our annual “Best Hospitals” rankings, just as a lot of
data underlies so much of modern medicine. But people matter, too.
It’s just that not everything they contribute to a patient can be measured. You’ll see what I mean when you take a look at Avery
Comarow’s remarkable story about Cincinnati Children’s Hospital on page 49. The staffs combination of technical skill and personal care
has made it one of the country’s best and case study we can learn
from. b.
Paragraph two Like each of the eight children’s hospitals that made our honor roll
this year, Cincinnati Children’s does well in many specialities.
Comarow zeroed in on how it handles the baffling disease known as
cystic fibrosis and shows how rigorous the caregivers are about finding best practices while giving its young patients humane
treatment. The photos by Charlie Archambault give you a frank
understanding of the daily struggles of a child with a chronic disease
that no set of statistics could ever convey.
c. Paragraph three
Powerful numbers. Much as we’d like to, we can’t tell this kind of
story for every hospital that makes our list. We survey early 5,000 of the nation’s hospitals and select the few hundred top performers in
key specialities. And we know from experience that the numbers also
tell important stories. Our hospital rankings have long provided some vital benchmarks for customers and medical professionals.
In this, you’ll find detailed tables of the various specialities as well as the overall honor roll for those hospitals that do well in many
categories. If you’re looking for more information, you can go to us.news.combesthospitals, where our searchable directory of most of
the nation’s hospitals can help you make comparisons. d.
Paragraph four
Beyond the numbers, we also take you through some of the critical
issues to consider if you or a loved one is facing the prospect of a hospital stay. The experience is a daunting one, even in the best of
circumtances. But the shifting rules of healthcare make it imperative
that you think about things like insurance, billing, and patient option
before you walk through the door. e.
Paragraph five We’ve always thought that helping you to be an informed patient
hyponym, 30 was part of our job at U.S News. We want to provide you with the tools and expert advice to help you understand the
changing synonym, 25 world of medicine and how it affects you. As
the murky health reform mandates start to take shape. We think
keeping up with those changes will be more important than ever
before. I’d like to hear how you think we’re doing, how we could do
better, and what your own experience is with the medical system these days. Drop me a note and share your thoughts with the rest of our
readers on my blog at usnews.comeditor. One kind of reiteration is repetition. In repetition, the same
reference is repeated to make the cohesive discourse, like the word data in paragraph one that is repeated twice. Besides repetition, in paragraph one,
the writer finds a collocation in word medicine that tend to occur with word hospital. The word everything paragraph one embraces many kinds
of case and noun in this world. Because of this generality, the word everything is called a general word. The words in italic above have similar
meaning. See and take a look in paragraph one mean “use the power of sight”. They refer to the same activity. So, they are called synonym. Like
the word see and take a look, the word study and learn also in paragraph one can be called as a pair of synonym, because they also have sameness
meaning. In a context, the word study can substitute the word learn, and vice versa. In paragraph two, the word baffling disease has the same
meaning as chronic disease. Both of them mean disease that cannot be
healed, because it is in serious condition. Because baffling and chronic
have same meaning, they are called near synonymy. In paragraph three,
the word hospital is repeated and has the sameness meaning. Although the word hospital has sameness meaning, they can not be called as a pair of
synonym because it has same letter. So it is called repetition. The meaning of words important and vital paragraph three are almost same. Important
mean “having a great effect or value”, while vital mean “necesssary or very important”. They are called synonym. Beyond and through in
paragraph four are also pair of synonym. Beyond means “on or to the further side of something”, while through means “from one end or side of
something to the other”. They have similar meaning. The word things paragraph four are words that refer to broad categories or general
concepts. So, it is called general word. The italic word in paragraph five think is repeated twice. There is no difference meaning in both of think.
So, definitely it is repetition. This repetition make those sentences
cohesive. 3.3.
Degree of Cohesiveness in Text Three
a. Paragraph one: Medium degree.
Paragraph one is good enough, but the writer finds a sentence which needs a demonstrative reference “there”, as follow: “You’ll see
what I mean when you take a look at Avery Comarow’s remarkable story
about Cincinnati Children’s Hospital on page 49. There, the staffs
combination of technical skill and personal care has made it one of the country’s best and case study we can learn from.”
b. Paragraph two: Medium degree.
The writer adds a superordinate to make paragraph two more cohesive than before. This addition happens in second sentence. It
becomes “Like each of the eight children’s hospitals that made our honor
roll this year, Cincinnati Children’s does well in many specialities. Its patient
, Comarow, zeroed in on how it handles the baffling disease known as cystic fibrosis and shows how rigorous the caregivers are about finding
best practices while giving its young patients humane treatment. This superordinate makes that sentence clearer and more cohesive.
c. Paragraph three: Medium degree.
Paragraph three needs a causality conjuntion “because of that” in fifth sentence. That sentence becomes “And we know from experience that
the numbers also tell important stories. Because of that, our hospital
rankings have long provided some vital benchmarks for customers and medical professionals. In this, you’ll find detailed tables of the various
specialities as well as the overall honor roll for those hospitals that do well in many categories.” After the writer adds that conjunction, the
sentence is related to the previous sentence. d.
Paragraph four: Higher degree. Paragraph four is on higher degree because the sentences in it is
related one to another. It means paragraph four has good cohesiveness. This paragraph doesn’t need any addition.
e. Paragraph five: Higher degree.
Paragraph five is the same as paragraph four. It has good cohesiveness. Grammatical and lexical cohesion devices often appear in
this paragraph to make its cohesiveness. So, it doesn’t need any grammatical and lexical cohesion devices more.
To be clear, it can be looked at the table below:
Text 1: Navigating the World of Work
No. of Para-
graph Grammatical Cohesion
Lexical Cohesion Degree of
Cohesiveness Types
Items Types
Items
One 1.
Reference
2. Conjunction
This, your, we, our, here.
And, but, next. 1.
Repetition Good year. Medium
degree
Two 1.
Reference
2. Conjunction
Our, yourself, we, you, your.
And. 1.
Repetition 2.
Collocation Career, how.
Best-paying career.
Lower degree
Three 1. Reference
2. Conjunction
You, our, we, better.
And, or, also, despite, next.
1. General
Word 2.
Super- ordinate
Thing.
Top jobs. Higher
degree
Four 1.
Substitution Job-one, don’t
like. 1.
Collocation Companies –
workers. Medium
degree
2. Reference
3. Conjunction
You, it, they, higher, more,
fewer, our, we, shorter, their,
these. And, because,
despite, also, but.
2. General
word People.
Five 1.
Reference
2. Conjunction
I, your, we, our, me, their.
And. -
- Medium
degree
Table 8: Degree of Cohesiveness in Text One.
Text 2: Your Money and Your Government
No. of Para-
graph Grammatical Cohesion
Lexical Cohesion Degree of
Cohesiveness Types
Items Types
Items
One 1.
Reference 2. Conjunction
We, your, it, i. Or.
1. General
word Thing.
Higher degree
Two 1.
Reference
2. Conjunction Their, others,
you, bigger, it, we.
And, because, 1.
General word
Folks. Higher
degree
3. Substitution. too.
Election - one. Three
1. Reference
2. Conjunction We, here, you,
more. But, and.
1. Synonym
Argue- against
Medium degree
Four 1.
Reference
1. Conjunction
We, our, you, their, we, this,
it, your. Also, and.
1. Repetition
2. collocation
Congress Congress
- congressman
Higher degree
Five 1. Reference
Now, us, your, we, our, more,
you, it. -
- Higher
degree
Six 1.
Reference 2. Conjunction
We, our, you. And.
1. Repetition
Popular, site, review, fund.
Medium degree
Seven 1.
Reference 2. Conjunction
Our, you, your. And.
1. General
word Thing
Higher degree
Eight 1.
Reference
2. Conjunction I, your, we,
you, bigger, our, better, me,
my. And, also.
1. Repetition
Think Medium
degree
Table 9: Degree of Cohesiveness in Text Two.
Text 3: Not Just by The Numbers
No. of Para-
graph Grammatical Cohesion
Lexical Cohesion Degree of
Cohesiveness Types
Items Types
Items
One 1.
Reference
2. Conjunction They, it, you,
I, we. But, too.
1. Repetition
2. Collocation
3. Synonym
4. General
word Data.
Hospital- medicine
See - take a look, study-
learn. Everything.
Medium degree
Two 1.
Reference
2. Conjunction Our,
it, its, you.
And. 1.
Synonym Baffling
disease –
chronic disease.
Medium degree
Three 1.
Reference
2. Conjunction We, our, you,
more, our. And, also.
1. Repetition
2. Synonym
Hospital. Important-
vital. Medium
degree
Four 1.
Substitution
2. Reference
3. Conjunction
You – loved one
We, you, it. Also, or, but,
1. Synonym
2. General
word Beyond-
through. Thing.
Higher degree
and.
Five 1.
Reference
2. Conjunction We,
you, more, I, better,
your, me, our, my.
And. 1.
Repetition Think.
Higher degree
Table 10: Degree of Cohesiveness in Text Three. The tables above show that there are many differences in using
grammatical and lexical cohesion and it makes every text has different degree of cohesion. It can be seen in table above that the text one has five paragraphs. First
fourth, and fifth paragraph are on medium degree, second paragraph is on lower degree, and the third paragraph is on higher degree. The writer finds grammatical
cohesion that is used in text one is less. So, it needs two more. While, repetition in text one is too much. So, in second paragraph, the writer reduces it.
Then, text two has eight paragraphs. The first, second, fourth, fifth, and seventh paragraph are on higher degree, while the third, sixth, and eighth
paragraph are on medium degree. There is no paragraph in text two that is on lower degree. Because of that, text two has good cohesiveness. The lexical
cohesion devices that appear in this text such as congress, congressman, fund, etc. support the title of the text.
And the last text or text three has five paragraphs. Paragraph one until three have medium degree while paragraph four and five have higher degree. Each
paragraph in this text support the title of this text, “Not Just by the Numbers”, because almost every paragraph use some lexical cohesion devices that is related
to the title, for instances: data, hospital, medicine,
b
affling disease, chronic disease, etc. Because of this relation between title and lexical cohesion devices,
text three is classified as cohesive and coherent text.
60
CHAPTER IV CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions
In the previous chapter, the writer analyzed three editor’s notes in U.S. News and World Report Magazine. The writer has analyzed the kind of cohesion
that appear of those texts and the grammatical and lexical cohesiveness degree of each text. Grammatical cohesion devices which have been analyzed by the writer
are substitution, ellipsis, reference, and conjunction, while lexical cohesion which have been analyzed are reiteration repetition, synonym or near synonym,
superordinate or hypernym and general word and collocation. Substitution, reference, and conjunction always appear in all of the texts,
but there is no ellipsis form in them. While in lexical cohesion, the second text is the most complete of all because it has all of the lexical cohesion device. While
the first text doesn’t have synonym item and the third text doesn’t have any hypernym or superordinate item.
The using of cohesion devices in every text are not same. It makes the different degree of cohesiveness between them. Based on the degree of
cohesiveness in each paragraph of the text, text one is fewer cohesive than text three because text one has two paragraphs that is on medium degree, second
paragraph in text one is on lower degree of cohesiveness and text one just has a paragraph that is on higher degree, while text three has two paragraphs that are on