Lexical Cohesion in Text Three

times, our occur 6 times, its occur once , your occurs twice, me occur once, and my also occurs once , and comparative reference more that is appear twice

3.2. Lexical Cohesion in Text Three

a. Paragraph one Ranking matter, but so do the people who give the care. A lot of data goes into our annual “Best Hospitals” rankings, just as a lot of data underlies so much of modern medicine. But people matter, too. It’s just that not everything they contribute to a patient can be measured. You’ll see what I mean when you take a look at Avery Comarow’s remarkable story about Cincinnati Children’s Hospital on page 49. The staffs combination of technical skill and personal care has made it one of the country’s best and case study we can learn from. b. Paragraph two Like each of the eight children’s hospitals that made our honor roll this year, Cincinnati Children’s does well in many specialities. Comarow zeroed in on how it handles the baffling disease known as cystic fibrosis and shows how rigorous the caregivers are about finding best practices while giving its young patients humane treatment. The photos by Charlie Archambault give you a frank understanding of the daily struggles of a child with a chronic disease that no set of statistics could ever convey. c. Paragraph three Powerful numbers. Much as we’d like to, we can’t tell this kind of story for every hospital that makes our list. We survey early 5,000 of the nation’s hospitals and select the few hundred top performers in key specialities. And we know from experience that the numbers also tell important stories. Our hospital rankings have long provided some vital benchmarks for customers and medical professionals. In this, you’ll find detailed tables of the various specialities as well as the overall honor roll for those hospitals that do well in many categories. If you’re looking for more information, you can go to us.news.combesthospitals, where our searchable directory of most of the nation’s hospitals can help you make comparisons. d. Paragraph four Beyond the numbers, we also take you through some of the critical issues to consider if you or a loved one is facing the prospect of a hospital stay. The experience is a daunting one, even in the best of circumtances. But the shifting rules of healthcare make it imperative that you think about things like insurance, billing, and patient option before you walk through the door. e. Paragraph five We’ve always thought that helping you to be an informed patient hyponym, 30 was part of our job at U.S News. We want to provide you with the tools and expert advice to help you understand the changing synonym, 25 world of medicine and how it affects you. As the murky health reform mandates start to take shape. We think keeping up with those changes will be more important than ever before. I’d like to hear how you think we’re doing, how we could do better, and what your own experience is with the medical system these days. Drop me a note and share your thoughts with the rest of our readers on my blog at usnews.comeditor. One kind of reiteration is repetition. In repetition, the same reference is repeated to make the cohesive discourse, like the word data in paragraph one that is repeated twice. Besides repetition, in paragraph one, the writer finds a collocation in word medicine that tend to occur with word hospital. The word everything paragraph one embraces many kinds of case and noun in this world. Because of this generality, the word everything is called a general word. The words in italic above have similar meaning. See and take a look in paragraph one mean “use the power of sight”. They refer to the same activity. So, they are called synonym. Like the word see and take a look, the word study and learn also in paragraph one can be called as a pair of synonym, because they also have sameness meaning. In a context, the word study can substitute the word learn, and vice versa. In paragraph two, the word baffling disease has the same meaning as chronic disease. Both of them mean disease that cannot be healed, because it is in serious condition. Because baffling and chronic have same meaning, they are called near synonymy. In paragraph three, the word hospital is repeated and has the sameness meaning. Although the word hospital has sameness meaning, they can not be called as a pair of synonym because it has same letter. So it is called repetition. The meaning of words important and vital paragraph three are almost same. Important mean “having a great effect or value”, while vital mean “necesssary or very important”. They are called synonym. Beyond and through in paragraph four are also pair of synonym. Beyond means “on or to the further side of something”, while through means “from one end or side of something to the other”. They have similar meaning. The word things paragraph four are words that refer to broad categories or general concepts. So, it is called general word. The italic word in paragraph five think is repeated twice. There is no difference meaning in both of think. So, definitely it is repetition. This repetition make those sentences cohesive. 3.3. Degree of Cohesiveness in Text Three a. Paragraph one: Medium degree. Paragraph one is good enough, but the writer finds a sentence which needs a demonstrative reference “there”, as follow: “You’ll see what I mean when you take a look at Avery Comarow’s remarkable story about Cincinnati Children’s Hospital on page 49. There, the staffs combination of technical skill and personal care has made it one of the country’s best and case study we can learn from.” b. Paragraph two: Medium degree. The writer adds a superordinate to make paragraph two more cohesive than before. This addition happens in second sentence. It becomes “Like each of the eight children’s hospitals that made our honor roll this year, Cincinnati Children’s does well in many specialities. Its patient , Comarow, zeroed in on how it handles the baffling disease known as cystic fibrosis and shows how rigorous the caregivers are about finding best practices while giving its young patients humane treatment. This superordinate makes that sentence clearer and more cohesive. c. Paragraph three: Medium degree. Paragraph three needs a causality conjuntion “because of that” in fifth sentence. That sentence becomes “And we know from experience that the numbers also tell important stories. Because of that, our hospital rankings have long provided some vital benchmarks for customers and medical professionals. In this, you’ll find detailed tables of the various specialities as well as the overall honor roll for those hospitals that do well in many categories.” After the writer adds that conjunction, the sentence is related to the previous sentence. d. Paragraph four: Higher degree. Paragraph four is on higher degree because the sentences in it is related one to another. It means paragraph four has good cohesiveness. This paragraph doesn’t need any addition. e. Paragraph five: Higher degree. Paragraph five is the same as paragraph four. It has good cohesiveness. Grammatical and lexical cohesion devices often appear in this paragraph to make its cohesiveness. So, it doesn’t need any grammatical and lexical cohesion devices more. To be clear, it can be looked at the table below: Text 1: Navigating the World of Work No. of Para- graph Grammatical Cohesion Lexical Cohesion Degree of Cohesiveness Types Items Types Items One 1. Reference 2. Conjunction This, your, we, our, here. And, but, next. 1. Repetition Good year. Medium degree Two 1. Reference 2. Conjunction Our, yourself, we, you, your. And. 1. Repetition 2. Collocation Career, how. Best-paying career. Lower degree Three 1. Reference 2. Conjunction You, our, we, better. And, or, also, despite, next. 1. General Word 2. Super- ordinate Thing. Top jobs. Higher degree Four 1. Substitution Job-one, don’t like. 1. Collocation Companies – workers. Medium degree 2. Reference 3. Conjunction You, it, they, higher, more, fewer, our, we, shorter, their, these. And, because, despite, also, but. 2. General word People. Five 1. Reference 2. Conjunction I, your, we, our, me, their. And. - - Medium degree Table 8: Degree of Cohesiveness in Text One. Text 2: Your Money and Your Government No. of Para- graph Grammatical Cohesion Lexical Cohesion Degree of Cohesiveness Types Items Types Items One 1. Reference 2. Conjunction We, your, it, i. Or. 1. General word Thing. Higher degree Two 1. Reference 2. Conjunction Their, others, you, bigger, it, we. And, because, 1. General word Folks. Higher degree 3. Substitution. too. Election - one. Three 1. Reference 2. Conjunction We, here, you, more. But, and. 1. Synonym Argue- against Medium degree Four 1. Reference 1. Conjunction We, our, you, their, we, this, it, your. Also, and. 1. Repetition 2. collocation Congress Congress - congressman Higher degree Five 1. Reference Now, us, your, we, our, more, you, it. - - Higher degree Six 1. Reference 2. Conjunction We, our, you. And. 1. Repetition Popular, site, review, fund. Medium degree Seven 1. Reference 2. Conjunction Our, you, your. And. 1. General word Thing Higher degree Eight 1. Reference 2. Conjunction I, your, we, you, bigger, our, better, me, my. And, also. 1. Repetition Think Medium degree Table 9: Degree of Cohesiveness in Text Two. Text 3: Not Just by The Numbers No. of Para- graph Grammatical Cohesion Lexical Cohesion Degree of Cohesiveness Types Items Types Items One 1. Reference 2. Conjunction They, it, you, I, we. But, too. 1. Repetition

2. Collocation

3. Synonym 4. General word Data. Hospital- medicine See - take a look, study- learn. Everything. Medium degree Two 1. Reference 2. Conjunction Our, it, its, you. And. 1. Synonym Baffling disease – chronic disease. Medium degree Three 1. Reference 2. Conjunction We, our, you, more, our. And, also. 1. Repetition 2. Synonym Hospital. Important- vital. Medium degree Four 1. Substitution 2. Reference 3. Conjunction You – loved one We, you, it. Also, or, but, 1. Synonym 2. General word Beyond- through. Thing. Higher degree and. Five 1. Reference 2. Conjunction We, you, more, I, better, your, me, our, my. And. 1. Repetition Think. Higher degree Table 10: Degree of Cohesiveness in Text Three. The tables above show that there are many differences in using grammatical and lexical cohesion and it makes every text has different degree of cohesion. It can be seen in table above that the text one has five paragraphs. First fourth, and fifth paragraph are on medium degree, second paragraph is on lower degree, and the third paragraph is on higher degree. The writer finds grammatical cohesion that is used in text one is less. So, it needs two more. While, repetition in text one is too much. So, in second paragraph, the writer reduces it. Then, text two has eight paragraphs. The first, second, fourth, fifth, and seventh paragraph are on higher degree, while the third, sixth, and eighth paragraph are on medium degree. There is no paragraph in text two that is on lower degree. Because of that, text two has good cohesiveness. The lexical cohesion devices that appear in this text such as congress, congressman, fund, etc. support the title of the text. And the last text or text three has five paragraphs. Paragraph one until three have medium degree while paragraph four and five have higher degree. Each paragraph in this text support the title of this text, “Not Just by the Numbers”, because almost every paragraph use some lexical cohesion devices that is related to the title, for instances: data, hospital, medicine, b affling disease, chronic disease, etc. Because of this relation between title and lexical cohesion devices, text three is classified as cohesive and coherent text. 60

CHAPTER IV CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

A. Conclusions

In the previous chapter, the writer analyzed three editor’s notes in U.S. News and World Report Magazine. The writer has analyzed the kind of cohesion that appear of those texts and the grammatical and lexical cohesiveness degree of each text. Grammatical cohesion devices which have been analyzed by the writer are substitution, ellipsis, reference, and conjunction, while lexical cohesion which have been analyzed are reiteration repetition, synonym or near synonym, superordinate or hypernym and general word and collocation. Substitution, reference, and conjunction always appear in all of the texts, but there is no ellipsis form in them. While in lexical cohesion, the second text is the most complete of all because it has all of the lexical cohesion device. While the first text doesn’t have synonym item and the third text doesn’t have any hypernym or superordinate item. The using of cohesion devices in every text are not same. It makes the different degree of cohesiveness between them. Based on the degree of cohesiveness in each paragraph of the text, text one is fewer cohesive than text three because text one has two paragraphs that is on medium degree, second paragraph in text one is on lower degree of cohesiveness and text one just has a paragraph that is on higher degree, while text three has two paragraphs that are on