Research Setting RESEARCH METHOD

3. Instruments The researcher used some research instruments in conducting the research. The instruments for collecting data are presented as the following. a. Interview guidelines The interviews guidelines contained some questions related to the data that the researcher wanted to get. This instrument was used when the researcher conducted the interview with both the teacher and the students. The answers of the question were stated in the interview transcript. They covered any information related to English teaching and learning process at SMP N 3 Mlati. At the end, any information in the interview transcripts was used to get some conclusions whether the use of Picture Word Inductive Model PWIM could improve the students’ writing ability or not. b. Observation checklists Observation checklists were used to make sure whether the researcher conducted research as what it had planned or not by giving tick mark on the aspects that being observed. c. Writing tests Writing tests included pretest and posttest. Both the pretest and posttest showed the students’ mean scores. The researcher compared the scores taken within the pretest and those taken within the posttest to make the conclusion. d. A sound recorder Sound recorder was used to record the interview and it helps the researcher to transform the interview into transcript. e. A camera A camera enabled the researcher to take some pictures about the class situation, the students’ activities, and the teaching and learning process during the implementation of the actions. 4. Data Analysis Techniques Data analysis techniques are used to analyze the qualitative and quantitative data. For the qualitative data, there are five stages of data analysis techniques that the researcher used which is adapted from Burns 2010: 104-105. a. Assembling the data The researcher collected data through interview, observation, and students’ writing. The data were re-read and scanned to obtain general information that seemed to be able to answer the research question. b. Coding the data The data were arranged into specific patterns. It could be done by reducing the large amount of the data and categorizing them into more manageable categories.