166 Electronic Communications in Probability
The condition P
∞ x=1
ψx ∞ ensures that the operator in ℓ
2
Z corresponding to L is of trace
class. Therefore, the Fredholm determinant det1 + L is well defined.
Proposition 1. Let X =
x
1
, . . . , x
n
⊂ Z be any finite subset. We have
P
ψ
X =
det L
X
det1+L
, where by L
X
we denote the submatrix
L x
i
, x
j
n i, j=1
. This follows from the Cauchy determinant identity [23, Ch. I, §4, Ex. 6].
Proposition 1 implies that the random point process
P
ψ
is an L–ensemble corresponding to the matrix L e.g., see [4, §5]. It follows from general properties of determinantal point processes
for example, see [7, Prop. 2.1] that the L–ensemble
P
ψ
is determinantal, and its correlation kernel has the form K = L1+L
−1
. Since L is symmetric, the kernel K is also symmetric. However, the operator of the form L1 + L
−1
in ℓ
2
Z cannot be a projection operator.
2.2 Correlation kernel of the process P
ν,ξ
Here we present explicit expressions for the correlation kernel K
ν,ξ
of the point process P
ν,ξ
de- fined by 3–4. To shorten the notation, set
φ
i
x :=
2
F
1
−
1 2
− ν + i, −
1 2
+ ν + i; x + i;
ξ ξ−1
, i = 0, 1, 2, . . . ;
e φx :=
2
F
1 3
2
+ ν, −
1 2
− ν; x;
ξ ξ−1
. where
2
F
1
is the Gauss hypergeometric function. Since x ∈ Z
and i ∈ Z
≥0
, the third parameter of the above hypergeometric functions is a positive integer, therefore, φ
i
x and e φx are well
defined. Also set Ξx, y :=
¦ Γ
1 2
− ν + x
Γ
1 2
+ ν + x
Γ
1 2
− ν + y
Γ
1 2
+ ν + y ©
1 2
, 6
where x, y ∈ Z
. Note that due to our assumptions on the parameter ν §1.1, the above expres- sion in the curved brackets is strictly positive, so we choose the square root to be real positive.
Theorem 2.1. We have
K
ν,ξ
x, y = 2 Ξ x, y
p x y
x + y
∞
X
j=0
ξ
j+x+ y2
1 − ξ
−2 j
φ
j+1
xφ
j+1
y 2
δ j
x + j y + jΓ
1 2
− ν − jΓ
1 2
+ ν − j ,
7 where δx := δ
x0
is the Kronecker delta.
Theorem 2.2. We have
K
ν,ξ
x, y = cosπν
π ξ
x+ y 2
Ξx, y p
x yx − 1 y − 1
· A
xB y − BxA y
x
2
− y
2
, 8
where Bx = φ
1
x and Ax can be written in one of the two following forms: 1 A
1
x := x 2φ x − φ
1
x ;
2 A
2
x :=
x 1+ξ
[2 e φx − 1 − ξφ
1
x]. If x = y, formula 8 is also true when understood according to the L’Hospital’s rule. This agree-
ment is also applicable to similar formulas below.
Random Strict Partitions and Determinantal Point Processes 167
Remark 1. Note that the kernel K
ν,ξ
given by 8 can be viewed as a discrete analogue of an integrable operator if as variables we take x
2
and y
2
. About integrable operators, e.g., see [16, 11]. Discrete integrable operators are discussed in [3] and [7, §6].
Remark 2. There is an identity
φ x =
e φx
1 + ξ −
ξ1 + 2ν − x1 − ξ x1
− ξ
2
φ
1
x, 9
which is a combination of 2.838, 2.839 and 2.92 in [12]. Therefore, A
2
x = A
1
x + c Bx, where c does not depend on x. Thus, the kernel 8 with A
1
is identical to the one with A
2
. Furthermore, all our formulas must be symmetric with respect to the replacement of ν by
−ν. Clearly, Ξx, y and all the functions φ
i
x, i ∈ Z
≥0
, possess this property, so the kernel 7 and the kernel 8 with A
1
do not change under the substitution ν → −ν. The same holds for the
kernel 8 with A
2
, because from 9 we have e φx|
ν→−ν
= e φx +
ec x
φ
1
x, where ec does not
depend on x.
2.3 Scheme of proof of Theorems 2.1 and 2.2
