4. Scoring System
Before getting the score, the researcher determined the procedure to be used in scoring the student’s work. In order to do that, the researcher used Arikunto’s
formula.
8
The ideal highest score is 100. The score of pre-test and post-test were calculated by using the following formula:
S = X 100
Notes: S
= The score of the test R
= The total of the right answer N
= The total item
H. Validity and Reliability of the test
To know whether the test is good or not, some criteria should be considered. The test should have validity and reliability.
1. Validity of Test
The validity is an important quality of any test. It is a condition in which test can measure what is supposed to be measured. According to Arikunto “validity is
measurement and a valid instrument has a high validity”.
9
To measure that the test has good validity, there are three basic types of validity; content validity, construct
validity and internal validity.
8
Suharsimi Arikunto, Dasar-Dasar Evaluasi Pendidikan Jakarta: Bumi Aksara. 2013, P.272.
9
Suharsimi Arikunto, Procedure Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktek Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2010, p. 211.
a. Content Validity
Best and Kahn say that content validity refers to the degree to which the test actually measures or is specifically related to the traits for which it was design, content,
validity is based upon the careful examination of course textbooks, syllabus, objectives, and the judgments of subject matter specialists.
10
It means that content validity is the level validity of the instrument that can be taken from course
textbooks, syllabus, objectives, and the judgments of subject matter specialists. To get content validity, the test adapted with the textbook and based on the syllabus for
the Eighth grade of MTS Al-Hidayah Srikuncoro. See Appendix 25
b. Construct Validity
Best and Kahn say that construct validity is the degree to which scores on a test can be accounted for by explanatory construct of sound theory.
11
It means that construct validity is showing the measurement used contained correct operation definite, which
was based on the theoritical concept. To make sure, the researcher consulted to the Expert Mr. Iwan Kurniawan M.Pd. for determining whether the test has obtained
construct validity or not. The researcher did construct valiidity by consulting to the Expert Mr. Iwan
Kurniawan M.Pd on 9
th
October, 2015. After the Expert analyzed the instruments and he concerned that the instruments were valid and he said that it needed to give a
10
John W. Best and James V. Kahn, Research in Education 7th ed New Delhi, PrenticeHall, 1995, p. 219
11
Ibid,p.219
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