of competence, basic competencies, objectives, topics or unit title, language functions, learning activities, indicators, time allocation, sources and media.
Fourth, the researcher produced the materials. The materials consist of three units. Fifth, the researcher had the materials evaluated by an expert. The last step was
the researcher revised the materials after the evaluation. Those six steps of Research and Development cycle are adapted from Jolly and
Bolitho cited in Tomlinson 1998: 98. Based on that theory, the steps of R D are conducted in six steps include: 1 identification of need for materials, 2
exploration of a need, 3 contextual realization of materials, 4 pedagogical realization of materials, 5 production of materials, 6 evaluation of materials
against agreed objectives.
32
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
Chapter III puts an emphasis on the research methodology including the type of study, research setting, research subjects, research procedure, nature of the
data, data collection techniques, research instrument, data collection technique.
A. Type of the Study
The objective of the study was to design English materials of conversation for students Grade VIII of the junior high school for speaking activities outside the
class. Therefore, the final result of the research is a particular educational product. For this reason, the research is classified as a research and development study.
B. Research Setting
The research was conducted in SMPN 6 Yogyakarta on November 27
th
, 2015. It is located in Monginsidi Street 1, Yogyakarta.
C. Research Subjects
The subjects of the research were Grade VIII students of SMPN 6 Yogyakarta. This research involved the students from two different classes as the
population sample. The number of students was 68. The number of female participants was 35 and that of the male participants was 33.
D. Research Procedure
The research procedure in this study followed the process of materials writing proposed by Jolly and Bolitho cited in Tomlinson 1998: 98
. Those steps
are shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2: Model Design from Jolly and Bolitho in Tomlinson 1998
From the picture above, it is stated that there are actually seven steps in the process of materials writing. However, one of those steps can be omitted because
there is no obligation to implement the materials to the students. As a result, there are six steps in materials writing including 1 identification of need for materials,
2 exploration of a need, 3 contextual realization of materials, 4 pedagogical realization of materials, 5 production of materials, and 6 evaluation of
materials against agreed objectives.
As the research did not include all those six steps, the materials writing should be modified. Since the materials were not written by an expert, the
researcher needed help from an expert to evaluate the materials. After getting expert judgment, the designed materials should be revised in order to produce a
more qualified product. Therefore, the researcher modified the model of materials writing into the following steps:
Figure 3:
Research steps in designing “Good at English” book
The researcher modified the model to be used in this research as follows:
1. Exploration of Needs
The researcher distributed the first questionnaire as the instrument and analyzed the syllabus of the junior high school as the way to analyze the target
and learning needs. The questionnaire consists of 14 questions that include six task components. The six task components are the goal, topic, input, teacher role,
learner role and setting. The results of the questionnaire were then analyzed by the percentage. This data were used to design the course grid.
Revision of the Materials
Evaluation of the Materials Production of the Materials
Pedagogical Realisation Contextual Realisation
Exploration of Needs
