to give new values in the society but the society prefer to believe the twins with their arguments adopted from their ancestor: the Eight Rocks. The second one is
that he does not have power upon the assets of Ruby. Many people are loyal to the twins because the twins are glad to give loan to everyone in Ruby. The twins have
“bought” Ruby as their private assets and they want to continue it. Deek and Steward were interested in approving the loan, provided he could persuade
somebody to sell him the property. So the question was where Morrison 186. Sixth, power is exercised in interpersonal relations. Psychologist Rollo
May wrote t hat “power means the ability to affect, to influence, and to change
other persons” Dye 4. In a society, interpersonal relation is the first step to “conquer” the mass as a whole community. This situation is clearly pictured in
Ruby. Many people support the twins as their leader. They have the interpersonal relation with the leader of religious communities and also the new father in Ruby.
That is the effective way the twins take to manage their domination upon Ruby. The last one, power is exercised in large institutions
– governments, corporations, schools, the military, churches, newspapers, television networks,
law firms, and so on. Power that stems from high positions in the social structures of society is stable and far-reaching Dye 5. This statement also becomes the
reason why Reverend Misner cannot win the “battle” with the twins. The twins are from the upper class family and they have a tight relation with the institution
in Ruby. It is difficult for everyone to drag the twins from the top of the institution.
The changing of the characters‟ personality especially the twins and other seven men happen when they realize that getting in touch with the Convent
women in the massacre is the big mistake they ever do. They do not realize what they are doing, what bad effect they will bring to Ruby. Dovey Morgan says that
what the nine man doing is a stupid thing. She says: Dovey asks Soane to drive. Each is silent with loud, rocketing thoughts.
Dovey has watched her husband destroy something in himself for thirty years… Did he think that because they lived away from white law they
were beyond it? Morrison 287
Having in touch with the Convent will ruin Ruby as a community since they still above the white law. Maintaining freedom from the Whites is more
difficult than getting the freedom. There are white people who still want to drag the black people into slavery.
Deacon Morgan is a character who basically changes. Most of people in Ruby see him as a different person, as a new person.
It was Deacon Morgan who had changed the most. It was as thought he had looked in his brother‟s face and did not like himself anymore…
Deacon began to speak of a woman he had used; how he had turned up his nose at her because her loose and easy ways gave him the license to drop
and despise her. That while the adultery preyed on him for a short while very short, his long remorse was at having become what the Old Fathers
cursed: the kind of man who set himself up to judge, rout and even destroy the needy, the defenseless, the
different. …. He was an embarrassment to
Negroes and both a threat and a joke to whites Morrison 300-302.
The miracle happens when some people from Ruby go to the Convent and try to find the dead bodies but all of the dead were gone. For Lone, it means that
Ruby has the second change to continue its life. Many people think that this is the end of Ruby.
…how people were changing it to make themselves look good. Other than Deacon Morgan, who had nothing to say, every one of the assaulting men
had a different tale and their families and friends who had been nowhere near the Convent supported them, enhancing, recasting, inventing
misinformation. …. If there were no victims the story of the crime was play for anybody‟s tongue. SO LONE SHUT UP AND KEPT WHAT
SHE FELT CERTAIN TO FOLDED IN HER BRAIN: GOD HAD GIVEN RUBY A SECOND CHANCE… Morrison 297.
Many people do not talk about this case. They prefer to close their mouth and act
like this tragedy never happen. God has given Ruby a second change. The logo in the Oven is changed that is
from “Beware of the Furrow of His Brow” becomes “Be the Furrow of His Brow.” The graffiti on the hood of the Oven now is “We
are the Furrow of His Brow Morrison 298.” A new life for Ruby has been
started. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
76
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
Some aspects which caused the discrimination happened within the Afro- American community will be stated, based on the analysis had been conducted.
Some suggestions for future researchers and also for teaching extensive reading II are elaborated in this chapter.
A. Conclusions
Based on the analysis, there is one conclusion that can be drawn. The structure of Afro American community in 1970s as depicted in Paradise enables
the emergence of discrimination. The community of Ruby lives in 1970s but the type of their life pictures the life of Afro American community before 1960s. The
evidence of this fact is that they still live in isolation. Living in isolation is not the general type of the Afro American people in 1970s since the era of 1970s is the
era of freedom movement. Yet, there is still a community which lives in isolation. Based on the Novel, it is clear that Toni Morrison wants to criticize the life of
Afro American community in 1970s which is still living in isolation. The key term of the answer is equality. The structure of Ruby community
which lives in isolation does not maintain the equality. Every member of Ruby does not get the same treatment and opportunity. This situation is supported by the
social structure of Ruby community. There are three points which maintain the PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
inequality. They are stratification, class system, and power distribution within Ruby community.
Stratification within Afro American community happens as the effect of slavery. This stratification enables the emergence of class within Afro American
community. At the beginning, the stratification system was made by the whites to break the unity of Afro American community. Black people who work as servants
in white families belong to the upper class and those who work in a farm belong to the lower class. This system is kept by the Afro American community within
their community. Ruby community isolates themselves from the whites and the lower class
black people. They change their point of view towards the class system but the fact is that they still keep the class system. They believe that pure Negro people
belong to the upper class people and lighter skin people belong to the lower class people. It can be the reason why they keep themselves living in isolation because
lighter skin people belong to the upper class in general. When they do not isolate themselves, they will follow the whites’ rule and they belong to the lower class
people. This situation definitely maintains the inequality which leads to the discrimination.
Class system in a puritan community also maintains the inequality. In puritan community, the role of a preacher is in the top of the community. A
preacher is a religious leader and also a community leader in a puritan community. They have a big effect on the decision the community makes. It is
clear now that stratification and class system within Ruby maintain the inequality which will lead to the discrimination.
The last point is power distribution. Since that there is no equal distribution of power within a community, one or more people will dominate in
the community. The Morgans is the most influential and powerful family in Ruby. This situation makes this family has a big influence towards the system in Ruby.
They can influence the preacher to accommodate their influence upon Ruby. They use their wealth as a source of power to control the people in Ruby.
Inequality within a community will lead to the discrimination. Equality is a key to maintain an indiscriminate life. People will have the same right and
opportunity before the law which will lead a community gaining a better life.
B. Suggestions
In this part, there are two points that will be presented. The first section presents the suggestion for future researcher s and the second section presents
the suggestion for teaching and learning activities.
1. Suggestion for Future Researchers
Toni Morrison’s Paradise is a very interesting and challenging novel. Paradise is not a novel in purpose of enjoyment. Reader has to read it carefully
and continuously in order to get a clear picture of this novel. Ability to see values behind events and how we value the events is the basic ability to come up to the
conclusion of this novel. That is why this novel is challenging and worth to read. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
It presents the universal point of view towards discrimination. Discrimination will happen to every community without differentiate black or white when there is no
equality within communities. In this thesis, the discrimination within Afro American community in
1960s-1970s becomes the main topic. Some aspects which enable discrimination within Afro American community were presented. Since the analysis of Paradise
which is used the sociocultural historical approach is limited this thesis, analyzing on the other aspects of this novel is suggested. The analyzing on the characters
becomes an interesting thing since there are a lot of characters in Paradise. Each of the characters has hisher own role, point of view, and history. Therefore, for
those who are interested to take Paradise as the subject of their research, this thesis can be a reference, which will give some information about the novel.
2. Suggestion for Teaching Intensive Reading II
Interest in literature is clearly natural and universal. Most of people like to read literary works from the young up to the old. Reading enlarges this world
enormously, taking the child into a much larger world with a much larger population; kings and queens, princesses and princes, pirates an robbers and
giants, other children and other grown-ups and all their ways and lives and adventures McNamee 263.
According to Maurice B. McNamee, S.J, at least there are two reasons why literature is interesting. The first one is that literature is a railway ticket,
costing very little, that takes men to every country in the world, a pass that admits PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
to the greatest of waxwork exhibitions, where every waxwork is made of flesh and blood McNamee 264. We can experience this situation through novels, short
story and another literary works who presents adventure of human being though out the every space of this world. We can see the situation in Paris trough a novel
and we no need to go to Paris. Second is that literature is desirable – to enlarge
experience McNamee 264. People can experience this situation trough poetry. People are brought to the bellow of the surface of phenomena to the inner and real
meaning of a words or sentences. Besides literature is interesting, Gillian Lazar in his book titled Literature
and Language Teaching give some reasons why we use literature in the language classroom Lazar 15-19:
a. Motivating Material Literature is highly valued in many countries around the world. For this reason,
students of English may experience a real sense of achievement at using literary material in the classroom. If the materials are carefully chosen, students will
feel that what they do in the classroom is relevant and meaningful to their own lives.
b. Access to Cultural Background Literature will be able to provide students with access to the cultural of the
people whose language they are studying. Reading English literature does encourage students to become broadly aware of the social, political and
historical events which form the background to a particular play and novel. c. Encouraging Language Acquisition
