Theoretical Framework REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
source. The secondary sources consisted of several books which describe the theory of approaches, class, discrimination, and history of Afro-American
community. The books are: An American Dilemma; American Civilization; Discrimination; Class, Status, and Power: Social Stratification in Comparative
Perspective; Black Americans; Black Protest Thought in the Twentieth Century; Class; and Reading and Writing about Literature.
I did some steps in conducting this study. First, I selected the literary work I want to analyse. After reviewing some literary works, I chose Toni Morri
son’s Paradise as the primary data of my study. The secondary data were taken from
books that were related to the topic. The next step that I did, was reading the novel several times to gain deeper
understanding about the story. I also took notes, and highlighted some important information which was done while reading. In taking notes, I wrote some
important things that can support this study. It helped me easily analyzing the novel and avoided confusion for my self.
After that, I started to think about the topic that I would discuss in my study. Since the first time I thought about the topic, I had an idea to write about
discrimination within Afro-American community that was depicted through the story. Finally, I got one topic that, I thought, was the best topic to be discussed.
The next step was collecting the references that were related to my study. The references were some books that were available in the library and also other
books outside the library. The references consisted of information about literature and the novel.
Then, after all the procedure above, I had to concentrate on the problem. Since I studied a historical novel and I wanted to discuss how Toni Morrison
depicted discrimination within Afro-American community in her novel, I concentrated on the historical background that happened in 1960s - 1970s. It was
important because by knowing the situation that happened at that time through the historical study, I could analyze how Toni Morrison tried to picture the situation
that occurred in 1960s - 1970s as depicted in the novel. The way of analyzing this novel was not always smooth. There were
several problems that occurred during the process of analysing the novel. The main problem that I faced was that I often found difficulties in finding good
references that would really support my study. I knew that if the references I took were not good, they would lead this study to the wrong way. They made the
discussion unfocused because of some irrelevant information to the novel. After I finished writing my analysis, I proposed suggestions for future
researchers and for the implementation for teaching and learning English using the novel Paradise. I hoped that this thesis would be useful for the person who
would learn about literature and also those who have interest in teaching English literature.
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