the community of Ruby and became one of the decision makers although they already had preachers as the leaders of Afro American community. Puritan
community is one of the characteristics of Afro American community. A stratified community cannot be separated with the distribution of power.
Power distribution within a community also becomes one of the main problems of discrimination. Power distribution let domination or monopoly of particular
member of a community happen as what we know from the case of the Morgan family. The domination of the Morgan family becomes the main problem since
they have most of the assets Ruby has. This situation influences the stability of Ruby community. All the theories above are used to find the reasons why
discrimination within Afro American community happened. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
36
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter discusses the methodology in conducting this study, which consists of three parts. The first part discusses the object of the study that contains
a brief description of the novel. The second part is the critical approaches used in this study. The third part is about the method of the study, which discusses the
steps the writer followed to answer the question stated in the problem formulation.
A. Object of the Study
Toni Morrison’s Paradise is the object of the study. Paradise is a novel written by American author Toni Morrison and which was originally published in
1998 by Chatto and Windus. This novel consists of 318 pages and is divided into nine chapters; they are Ruby, Mavis, Grace, Seneca, Divine, Patricia, Consolata,
Lone, and Save Marie. Toni Morrison ’s works in fiction besides Paradise are The
Bluest Eye, Sula, Song of Solomon, Tar Baby, Beloved, and Jazz. Actually, Paradise is part of the trilogy that was written by Toni Morrison. The others are
Beloved and Jazz. This novel provides a portrait of discrimination that happened in the
United States in 1970s. This novel wants to reveal the discrimination that really happened within Afro-American community in the United States. There is one
family name; the Morgan family, who tries to dominate in the Ruby community. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
Since the Morgan family has most of Ruby assets, they use their power to discriminate other family. Moreover, they break the law.
B. Approach
In conducting this study, the writer used the socio-historical approach as proposed by Rohrberger and Woods. Paradise tells a story of an Afro-American
community in a small town named Ruby. Ruby is an Afro-American community that is built in isolation since they are free from slavery but still get discrimination
against white people. Paradise portrays the life events of an Afro-American community in 1960s. Therefore, sociocultural historical approach is used to get a
clear picture of an Afro-American life at that time. Selecting this approach will enable the writer to get a deeper understanding of the structure of Afro-American
community that lead this community fall into the same problem of discrimination. The other reason why I use Socio-cultural-historical approach is that because the
understanding of social, culture, and history of Afro-American community in America are important to reveal the life events developed in the novel. Rohrberger
and Wood say that this approach can lead to an ethical judgement concerning the truth of an author’s statements. Then, what we read on the novel is proven with
the events that happened in the real life at that moment.
C. Method of the Study
The method used in this study is library study. I used both primary and secondary sources in this study. I used the novel of Paradise as the primary
