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It has to be satisfied before someone could move to the higher level. Physiological needs control human thought and behavior.
b. Safety Needs
Maslow as cited in Hufman, Vernoy Vernoy state, “Stronger needs such as hunger and thirst must be satisfied before one can move on the higher
needs, such as self-esteem” 407. Therefore, before someone could satisfy the psysiological needs, heshe will not be able to meet the safety needs. The second
prority of needs is called safety needs. Everyone always needs to feel secure in hisher life. This includes the safety of body, employment, resources, morality, the
family, health, prosperity, etc. Higher needs will be unimportant if someone is in danger.
c. LoveBelongingSocial Needs
The third need is called lovebelonging needs. Human needs to feel the sense of belonging by small or large social group family, collegues, religious
group, etc. Besides, human also needs to love and to be loved by others. If this elements are absence, people tend to feel the loneliness, social anxiety and clinical
depression. This need can overcome the two previous levels depends on the strength of the peer pressure.
d.
Esteem Needs Everyone needs to be respected and to have self-esteem and self-respect.
There are two subcategories of esteem needs. They are needs for self-esteem and needs for esteem from others. Needs for self-esteem leads people attempt to
achivement, strength, confidence, independent and freedom. Needs for esteem
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from other, requires reputation, status, recognition, attention, appreciation of one’s ability and the feeling of important. All of people want to be accepted and valued
by others. When this need is met, people will be confident and valuable.
e. Self-actualization Needs
The higher level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is called self- actualization needs. This last need can be reached only if the fourth previous
needs psychological, safety, lovebelonging, and esteem needs have been fulfilled. This includes morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem solving, lack of
prejudice, and acceptance of facts. As what is sated in Gleitman, Maslow and other humanistic psychologists describe this as “the desire to realize one’s
potentialities, to fulfill oneself, to become one can become” 734. Maslow, as cited in Bootzin et. al, clasifies those five needs into two
groups; those are basic or deficiency needs and metaneeds. Deficiency needs include physiological food, water, sleep, and so on and psychological affection,
security, and self esteem. “It is called deficiency needs because if they are not met, a person, lacking of something, will seek to make up for deficiency” 434.
Meanwhile, the higher needs is called metaneeds or growth needs. It includes the need for justice, goodness, beauty, order and unity. Deficiency needs take priority
over metaneeds. According to Maslow, those needs take precedence over others. He
concludes that one need must be satisfied before other can be reached. However, other psychologist doubts his theory. As cited in Kasschau, Inglehart
Hildebrandt declare, “Other’s research does not support Maslow’s conclusion that
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one need must be satisfied before another can be.” 143. They may agree on Maslow’s types of needs that may operate on human being, but there is no
guarantee that human needs must be satisfied in order. For example, a starving person does not always lack need for love and self-esteem.
B. Review of Related Studies
My Sister’s Keeper novel is a new literary work. However, there have been
several studies on My Sister’s Keeper novel. Julie Ackendorf 2009 in her article Review of Jodi Picoults My Sisters Keeper
expands the character’s development. She states that the characters of the novel are very well developed. She explores
briefly related to the Fitzgerald family’s characters, Anna, Sara, Kate and Jesse. Moreover, Ackendorf also examines the themes being discussed in the novel.
“Author Jodi Picoult explores the legal, ethical, and moral issues involving sibling organ donation and whether parents have the right to make the decision for the
donor.” 2009. Louise Crook 2005 in her article entitled My Sister’s Keeper-Discussion
Guide , explores the background of Jodi Picoult’s writing through a conversation
with the author. In the conversation, Picoult states that she comes about the idea of the novel through the back door of a previous one, Second Glance. She adds
that her study on the human genome project in America leads her to write about baby’s designer as the subject for My Sister’s Keeper novel.
Jennifer Reese 2004 has conducted a study on the conflict in the novel. She states that the conflict of the novel is between Anna and her parents. “The
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