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3. Theory of Personality
Personality is derived from Latin word persona that means mask. According to Allport as cited in Hurlock, psychologically the term personality
means the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his characteristic behavior and thought 7. Meanwhile,
Feist and Feist define personality as “a pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics that give both consistency and individuality to a person’s
behavior” 4. They add that traits give contribution on the difference of someone’s behavior, the consistency and stability of someone’s behavior 4.
Traits are unique and the pattern is different one to each other. It creates the unique personality of every individual.
Giving judgment on someone’s personality can be conducted through many ways. It can be through the first impression. Hurlock says that a first
impression can be based on physical appearance, facial features or expression, gestures, dress, name, nationality, race, speech, attitude, or other physical or
psychological characteristic, etc 10. Giving accurate judgment on someone’s personality is not simple. It is difficult to distinguish between the person’s real
personality and his manifest personality because most of people act in accordance with social expectation in order to gain acceptance 18.
Hurlock states that someone’s personality is determined by many conditions. There are eight personality determinants that being stated by Hurlock.
They are physical determinants, intellectual determinants, emotional determinants, social determinants, aspiration and achievement, sex determinants, educational
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determinants and family determinants 143-351. Meanwhile, Anderson as cited in Hurlock, points out three major factors in determining the development of
personality. They are the individual’s hereditary endowment, early experience with the family and important events in later life outside the home environment
19.
4. Theory of Motivation