Object of the Study Approach of the Study

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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

This chapter is divided into three parts. The first part is the object of the study that will explain about the novel. The second is the method of the study that will explain about some approaches that will be used in this analysis. And the third part is the method of the study that will explain about the method used and the procedure of the study.

A. Object of the Study

The object used in this study is a novel entitled The Memory Keeper’s Daughter . This novel was written by Kim Edwards and was firstly published by Viking Penguin in 2005. It is the first novel Kim Edwards has written and consists of 513 pages and it is divided into seven chapters. This study deals with two of the characters of the novel and his memories as its center of attention. Phoebe and David Henry are two of major characters of The Memory Keeper’s Daughter. Phoebe is a David’s daughter, she suffers Down syndrom and she is raised by David’s nurse named Caroline Gill because David does not want his wife knows that their daughter suffers Down syndrome. Phoebe is raised in another country and she does not know her own parents. She thinks that Caroline is her own mother. While David Henry is an orthopedic surgeon that has a bad past memory. He has Down syndrome sister named June. June has died when she was twelve PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 23 years old and it causes his mother falls into a deep grief. Moreover, when David has a daughter who suffers down syndrome, he wants to hide the fact from his wife. He tells his wife that their daughter dead in her birth. He keeps this secret from his wife because he wants avoid a deep grief from his wife. He does not want his wife has the same experience like his mother. This secret brings David’s family into some problems but he never tells the truth about his daughter till the end of his life. In this study, the researcher tries to analyze Phoebe and David characteristics and David’s portraits about Phoebe from the novel. Therefore, the author of this novel used Autobiographical Method as the way to tell the story. It means the person relating the story is the one who has experienced or witnessed or heard about the story. Murphy, 1972: 150. The author tells about his past experience through this novel.

B. Approach of the Study

Psychology comes into criticism in two ways, in this investigation of the act of creation and in the psychological study of particular authors to show the relation between their attitudes and states of mind and the special qualities of their work Daiches, 1981: 329. Daiches stated in CriticalApproaches to Literature, second edition that the use of psychology in criticism is, like the use of sociology, genetic: it helps us to explain how literature comes into being 1981: 330. Since this study involves the term “characterization” which is understood as psychological of individual, the most appropriate approach to apply is PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 24 psychological approach. Mary Rohrberger and Samuel H. Woods in Reading and Writing about Literature mention that psychological approach is a viewpoint from where readers could observe certain human recurrent pattern. Like mythopoeic approach to literature, the psychological involves the effort to locate and demonstrate certain recurrent pattern. Unlike the mythopoeic approach, it draws on a different body of knowledge-most often on that offered by Sigmund Freud and his followers. This is not to say that all psychological criticism postdates Freud 1971: 14. From the explanation above, it is understood that psychological approach is aimed to observe literature specifically by using the theory of psychology, in which the pattern of human mind is widely studied. Here, psychological theory is utilized as the basis of the observation. The most often theory that is used in this approach is one proposed by the founding father of psychology, Sigmund Freud. Nevertheless, there is still a wide possibility for using other experts’ theories since this body of knowledge is developed through time.

C. Method of the Study