11 literature and psychology is closely established, it can be said that the analysis of
literary works may reflect certain psychological factors. As psychology is a body of knowledge which studies human psyche, the
most related element of literature to psychology is its human or human-like characters. Referring to Barnet’s explanation about character in Literature for
Composition that a character is a figure with specific mental and moral qualities, it
is obvious that characters are observable trough psychology, in terms that they consist of unique mental qualities 1988:71.
3. Theory of Literature
a. Theory of Character
The writer thinks that character is the basic element of the literary work. According to Abrams in his book entitles A Glossary of Literary Terms states that:
Characters are the person presented in a dramatic or narrative work, who are interpreted by the readers as being endowed a moral, distortional,
and emotional qualities that are expressed in what they say-the dialogue- and what they do-in the action. The grounds in the characters’
temperament, desires, and moral nature for their speech and actions are called their motivation 1985:23.
Another definition of character is stated by Stanton in An Introduction to Fiction
1965: 17, the term ‘Character’ is used in two ways: firstly, it gives a particular description about the individuals who appear in the story and secondly,
it refers to the mixture of interests, desires, emotions, and moral principles that from the individuals. Every story usually has a main character that is significant to
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12 all events in the story; usually they cause the conversation either in him or in the
readers’ attitude toward him. According to Ferster in Arguing through Literature 2005:81, there are
two kinds of characters; those are flat character and rounded character. Flat characters tend to be simpler; they are defined by one or two traits, say the same
thing repeatedly, or embody an ethnic, gender, or some other stereotype. Rounded characters, which are more complex, tend to have a fuller range of thoughts,
feelings, or actions, perhaps even in conflict with each other, and might grow, change, or learn something. This is not to say that real people can be one-sided,
but it is possible to know only one side of a person Rohrberger and Woods 1971: 20 in Reading and Writing about Literature. Rohrberger and Woods also stated
that characters must be credible, that is, readers must accept them as believable people. Characters have particular personalities and physical attributes that
distinguish them from other characters.
b. Theory of Characterization
