4
C. Problem Formulation
Based on the objective of the study, the problems to answer in this study are formulated as follows:
1. How are Phoebe and David depicted in the novel?
2. How is Phoebe’s life misery in David’s tragedy?
D. Benefit of the Study
It is expected to be able to encourage the readers to enjoy reading the novel better so that they will understand the meaning of the novel; the many
values found in everyday life, the art of making decision, and the rules of relationship between two people.
I hope this study will help the reader reflect themselves. Making decision is very important in our life so that we have to make the best choice in our life.
We have to consider many different aspects before deciding something so there will no regret.
E. Definition of Term
To avoid misunderstanding on this study, it would be necessary for us to understand some essential terms. They are:
1. Characterization
As indicated by the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary eleven edition,
characterization is a description of the distinctive character of. While according to Holman and Harmon in A Handbook of Literature 1986: 81,
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
5 characterization is the ways the author reveals the characters of imaginary person
in the story. It shows that characterization is the way the author presents the characters.
2. Keeper
As indicated by the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary eleven edition,
keeper is a person who manages or looks after something or someone. This study will discuss about David Henry who keep the memory about her
daughter from the photo that is sent by Caroline Gill.
3. Life
As indicated by the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary eleven edition,
life is the existence of an individual human being or animal, a particular type or aspect of human existence. This study analyze about the meaning of
Phoebe’s life according to his father, David Henry, who hide her from the family
because she suffers Down syndrome.
4. Main Character
According to Abrams in A Glossary of Literary Terms 1985:23, he said that characters are person presented in a dramatic or narrative work, who are
interpreted by the reader as being endowed with moral, dispositional, and emotional qualities that are expressed in what they say- the dialogue- and by what
they do- the action. While, Reaske in The College Guide to the Study of Literature
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6 1971: 169 points out that main character is inherently important and we take a
long hard look on him to understand the author’s meaning. This means that the main character is one of the way in which the author conveys certain meanings.
The main character in this study is David Henry, a doctor who live in tragic until the end of his life.
5. Memory
As indicated by the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary eleven edition,
memory is an individual person to remember things or the faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information. While, Gerrig and Philip in
Psychology and life: 8th edition stated that memory is capacity to store and
retrieve information or a type of information processing. The bulk of our attention, therefore, will be trained on the flow of information in and out of the
memory system that guide the acquisition and retrieval of information. In this study, memory means the memory of David Henry who hides her daughter from
the family and finally he regrets his decision to gives the baby to his nurse, Caroline Gill because his decision leads his family goes to the dark life like his
experience in the past.
6. Misery
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