Limitation of the Problem Formulation of the Problem

10 teaching is an activity for helping someone to learn, giving instruction, guiding to study something and providing with knowledge. Also, it is stated that teaching can be a guide the learners to acquire a new knowledge, skills or attitude. In accordance with that, Tomlinson 1998: 3 defines teaching as anything which is done to facilitate the learning process by the teacher. There are two ways in doing teaching as stated by Tomlinson; they are direct teaching and indirect teaching. Direct teaching is a teaching process in which teachers do transmitting materials to the students as the receivers of the materials. Meanwhile, indirect teaching, the teacher lets, guides and helps the students to learn and discover things or knowledge for themselves. In teaching English for foreign language, it is important for the teacher to provide effective classroom activities, media or teaching technique in learning language to get the objectives of the study. As stated by Cameron, because of the lack of opportunities in using English outside classroom even in daily life, the teacher is responsible to provide media and opportunities for the students to learn the language through classroom activities Cameron, 2001: 11-12. Therefore, teaching English means anything done by the teacher to facilitate the students to learn English. In line with her, Brown 2001: 116 states that teaching English as foreign language is a teaching process of English in which students do not use English or the students use their mother tongue outside their classroom to communicate with others in their daily activities. In addition, Madya 2000: 1 11 states that TEFL means that English which has foreign language status in a country which is taught to the students and it is not used for daily communication. Through this definition, it is clear that teaching English in some countries, for example in Indonesia, is regarded as teaching English as foreign language because English is not spoken by its people in informal and or daily communication and only spoken by people in other countries.

B. Speaking Skills

This chapter discusses some relevant theories which are related to speaking skills. In this discussion, nine important points are presented. Those are speaking definition, speaking ability, types of spoken language, characteristics of spoken language, micro and macro skills in speaking, types of classroom speaking performance, language features in speaking, classroom speaking activities, and teaching speaking to junior high school students.

1. Speaking Definition

The definitions of speaking are variously stated by some experts. Hornby 1995: 1140 states that speaking means an activity to knowing and being able to use expressions in a particular or target language which is learnt. In addition, Harmer 2001: 269 states that speaking is not only the ability to speak fluently with appropriate language features, but also the ability to express messages properly of information and language that is learnt. Moreover, the other expert,