Iksan kharis, 2015 Ajen atikan jeung semiotik dina folklor kapamalian di kecamatan subang kabupaten subang
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
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2.1.5.1 Ajén ····················································································· 18 2.1.5.2 Atikan ·················································································· 18
2.1.5.3 Ajén Atikan ··········································································· 19 2.2 Panalungtikan Saméméhna ····························································· 20
2.3 Kalungguhan Tioritis ···································································· 20 BAB III MÉTODOLOGI PANALUNGTIKAN ···································· 22
3.1 Desain Panalungtikan ···································································· 22 3.2 Métode Panalungtikan ··································································· 23
3.3 Téhnik Ngumpulkeun Data ····························································· 23 3.4 Instrumén Panalungtikan ································································ 24
3.5 Téhnik Ngolah Data ······································································ 25 3.6 Sumber Data ··············································································· 25
3.6.1 Lokasi Panalungtikan ·································································· 25 3.6.2 Populasi ·················································································· 31
3.6.3 Sampel ···················································································· 32 BAB IV HASIL PANALUNGTIKAN JEUNG PEDARAN ····················· 35
4.1 Hasil Panalungtikan ····································································· 35 4.1.1 Data Kapamalian ······································································ 35
4.1.2 Harti jeung Fungsi Kapamalian nu aya di Kecamatan Subang ··············· 37 4.2 Pedaran ····················································································· 50
4.2.1 Unsur Sémiotik dina Kapamalian nu aya di Kecamatan Subang ············ 53 4.2.2 Ajén Atikan Kapamalian nu aya di Kecamatan Subang ······················· 67
4.2.2.1 Ajén Moral dina Folklor Kapamalian ··········································· 70 4.2.2.2 Ajén Sosial dina Folklor Kapamalian ··········································· 77
4.2.2.3 Ajén Agama dina Folklor Kapamalian ·········································· 82
BAB V KACINDEKAN JEUNG RÉKOMÉNDASI ······························· 87 5.1 Kacindekan ················································································· 87
5.2 Rékoméndasi ·············································································· 90 DAPTAR PUSTAKA ······································································· 91
LAMPIRAN ···················································································· 93 RIWAYAT HIRUP ·········································································· 130
Iksan kharis, 2015 Ajen atikan jeung semiotik dina folklor kapamalian di kecamatan subang kabupaten subang
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
| repository.upi.edu
| perpustakaan.upi.edu
BAB I BUBUKA
1.1. Kasang Tukang Panalungtikan
Budaya mangrupa idéntitas hiji bangsa nu bisa ngabedakeun antara hiji bangsa jeung bangsa lianna. Darajat hiji bangsa bisa katitén tina budayana éta sorangan.
Kabudayaan jembar pisan, sabab ngawengku kabiasaan masarakat anu ngagem kana éta budaya. Kabiasaan masarakat anu dilakukeun sacara turun-timurun disebut ogé
tradisi. Ku kituna, budaya jeung tradisi téh aya pakaitna, sarta kudu di jaga sangkan ulah nepi ka leungit ku sabab tradisi nu jadi ciri bangsa urang. Nilik kaayan barudak
ayeuna nu geus teu pati maliré kana pamalina éta sorangan, malah aya nu teu apal naon ari pamali.
Budaya téh asalna tina basa Sansakerta tina kecap “budhi” jeung “daya” anu
hartina usaha, tanaga, karep, pikiran jeung parasaan jelema. Sedengkeun harti kabudayaan nyaéta hasil, tanaga, karep, pikiran, sarta parasaan jelema guna
nambahan kasenangan jeung kani’matan jelema ku rupa-rupa akal jelema dina Danadibrata, 2009, kc.108.
Koentjaraningrat 2009, kc.144 nétélakeun yén kabudayaan nya éta sistem gagasan, tindakan jeung hasil karya manusa dina kahirupan masarakat nu dipiboga
manusa ku cara diajar. Kabudayaaan kacida mangaruhan kana ajén atikan masarakatna. Kitu ogé sabalikna kabudayaan mangaruhan kana kamekaran
kabudayaan éta sorangan. Dina kabudayaan nyangkaruk ajén-inajén nu ngajanggélék dina tilu wujud budaya, tegesna wujud ideas gagasan, ide, wujud activities
paripolah, jeung wujud artifacts barang hasil karya manusa. Tina tilu wujud budaya éta, ajén-inajén anu aya dina wujud ideas teu bisa ditempo, teu bisa dicabak,
ku sabab tempatna aya dina alam pikiran masarakat. Najan kitu, wujud ideas téh fungsina pikeun ngatur sarta méré arahan kana pari polah manusa dina masarakat
salaku tatakrama. Dina budaya téh ngandung ajén-inajén dina wujud ideel anu sipatna abstrak, teu
bisa ditempo, teu bisa dicabak, tapi tempatna aya dina alam pikiran masarakat,
2 dimana éta kabudayaan téh tumuwuh jeung mekar. Koentjaraningrat 2009, kc. 145
nétélakeun yén kabudayaan téh mangaruhan kana ajén atikan masarakatna, kitu ogé sabalikna atikan mangaruhan pisan kana kamekaran kabudayaan. Ku atikan urang
bisa mekarkeun budaya-budaya nu geus aya sangkan teu kalindih ku kamekaran jaman, ogé ajén-inajén nu dina budaya bakal managaruhan kana kamekaran atikan.
Ajén ngandung harti pangaji, harga LBSS 1995, kc. 18. Ajén di dieu lain hartina harga nu bisa diukur ku angka tapi ajén di dieu nu aya patalina jeung norma
atawa aturan kahirupan. Dina norma kahirupan tangtu nyangkaruk aturan-aturan nu aya patalina jeung atikan, ngatik manusa sangkan aya dina norma-norma kahirupan.
Atikan numutkeun Danadibrata 2009, kc. 39 nya éta pangajaran kana jalan kahadéan, méré matikan, warah, jeung ngaping.
Dina kahirupan masarakat Sunda, hususna dina atikan kahirupan mibanda rupaning cara pikeun ngaaplikasikeun naon nu dimaksud atikan. Salasahiji atikan anu
aya di masarakat nyaéta ngawangun étika ku cara nepikeun hal-hal nu dipahing atawa dilarang, sabab saupama dilakonan atawa dirempak pasti bakal aya balukarna.
Salasahiji hal anu mindeng dijadikeun alat dina ngadidik téh nya éta ngaliwatan kapamalian anu dipaké ku masarakat.
Pamali numutkeun Danadibrata 2009, kc. 489 nya éta larangan sepuh urang anu maksudna teu meunang ngalakukeun hiji pagawéan lantaran sok aya matakna.
Kecap pamali, aya nu gampang dihartikeunana, najan ukur dilelebah, teu saeutik ogé anu bangga nepi ka hésé katimuna ku akal waras. Ku lantaran teu apal nyurahanana,
antukna sok kalah jadi kaheureuyan, majar pamali téh “paman diali”. Taya bédana jeung kecap dongéng anu sok jadi kaheureuyan
“ngabobodo budak céngéng”, tur padahal eusina kawilang leubeut ku ajén atikan Ruhimat, 2006, kc. 41.
Mulkan 2007 dina artikel nu judulna “Pamali, Tradisi Budaya Lisan Leluhur Sunda
” nétélakeun yén pamali nya éta larangan antara ucapan kana hiji hal nu matak mawa balai boh ka dirina sorangan boh ka sabudeureunana. Upamana hal-hal nu
dipahing, biasana nu patali jeung rejeki, jodo, turunan jeung kasalametan. Pamali mangrupa bagian tina folklor. Numutkeun Jan Harold Brunvand dina
Danandjaya, 2007, kc. 21 folklor kabagi jadi tilu bagian, nya éta folklor lisan, folklor
