study is quasi-experimental, the researcher did not randomly assign participants to groups. The sample was collected by using purposive sampling because it has
specific purpose. Commonly, this technique is used because of the limitation of time, energy and cost. Moreover, the subjects who are taken as a sample are the
subjects who have more characteristic in the key subjects.
2
Based on the explanation above, the writer took A and B classes as the sample of this study. In the preliminary study, when the writer interview the
English teacher, she said that the English ability in A class and B class were not too different. Their English classes were also in the same day. Those factors could
save the writer’s time and energy. Therefore, the sample of the study was students
in A and B classes. The writer took A class as the experimental class and B class as the controlled class because the writer wants to know whether the ability of the
A class will be higher than B class after the treatment given. The writer took all students from A class N= 44 as an experiment class and B class N= 41 as
controlled class. However, in the end of the research, the writer only got 35 students from each class because the other students were absent.
E. The Technique of Collecting Data
The writer used the test to collect the data, namely Pre-test and Post-test. Pre-test was firstly administered in both classes- an experimental class and a
controlled class- to know whether the two groups have the same background knowledge. After six times of meetings, the writer distributed Post-test also to
both classes. The writer then compared the scores of pre-test and post-test of both experimental and control classes.
The questions in the test are the same in both Pre-test and Post-test since the gained score is easy to be measured. Moreover, because the limitation of time
and cost, it is hard to make different questions for the Post-test. The test consists of 20 items of multiple choice, which validity and reliability are examined.
The validity of a test is the extent to which it measures what it is supposed to measure. This research uses content validity to check the validity of instrument.
2
Suharsimi Arikunto, Prosedur Penelitian, Jakarta: PT. Rieneka Cipta, 2010, p.183.
A test is said to have content validity if its content constitutes a representative sample of the language skill, structure, etc. Content validity is concerned with
what goes into the test.
3
A content of the test should be decided by considering the purpose of the assessment and then draw up a list known as a content specification. The content
specification is important because it ensures as far as possible that the test reflects all the areas to be assessed in suitable proportion. The instrument is line with the
syllabus, as an evidenced in the following examples:
Table 3.1 The Validity of the Instrument
Standar Kompetensi
Kompetensi Dasar
Skill Indikator
Nomor Soal Mengungkap
kan makna dalam teks
tulis fungsional
dan esei pendek
sederhana berbentuk
simple past tense untuk
berinteraksi dengan
lingkungan sekitar
Mengungka pkan makna
dan langkah retrotika
dalam esei pendek
sederhana dengan
menggunak an ragam
bahasa tulis secara
akurat. lancar dan
berterima untuk
berinteraksi dengan
lingkungan sekitar
berbentuk simple past
tense Grammar
Writing Siswa
mampu mengide
ntifikasi keterang
an waktu past
tense berdasar
kan konteks
kalimatp ercakapa
n
Siswa mampu
membuat kalimat
sederhan a dalam
bentuk simple
15. When I came to Nina’s
house _________. she
was watching
Harry Potter.
a. tomorrow b. last Sunday
c. next Sunday d. now
11. My mother and I - in –
1 2 bought
– the market – 3 4
some vegetables –
5 Yesterday morning.
6 7
3
J.B. Heaton, Writing English Language Tests, New York: Longman, Inc., 2003, p. 159.
past tense
dengan benar.
a. 1-2-4-3-6-5-7 b. 1-2-4-5-3-6-7
c. 1-3-2-4-5-6-7 d. 1-3-5-2-4-6-7
This table is taken from the English syllabus for second grade of Junior High school
Furthermore, a test is reliable if it is administrated to the same group on different occasions and produces the same results.
4
In short, in order to be reliable, a test must be consistent in its measurements. In this research, SPSS Statistic
Product and Statistic Solution is used to find the reliability of the instrument. The writer finds the reliability of 20 items in the test is
.535. Because the reliability is low, the writer deletes 2 items to make the instrument reliability with
only 18 items, the reliability is .630
F. The Content of the Intervention
