past tense
dengan benar.
a. 1-2-4-3-6-5-7 b. 1-2-4-5-3-6-7
c. 1-3-2-4-5-6-7 d. 1-3-5-2-4-6-7
This table is taken from the English syllabus for second grade of Junior High school
Furthermore, a test is reliable if it is administrated to the same group on different occasions and produces the same results.
4
In short, in order to be reliable, a test must be consistent in its measurements. In this research, SPSS Statistic
Product and Statistic Solution is used to find the reliability of the instrument. The writer finds the reliability of 20 items in the test is
.535. Because the reliability is low, the writer deletes 2 items to make the instrument reliability with
only 18 items, the reliability is .630
F. The Content of the Intervention
This study is intended to the students’ mastery of simple past tense. The
writer designed six meetings in this study. In the first meeting, the students were given a pre-test to know their background knowledge before the treatment. In the
next meetings, learning materials were specifically provided for the experimental group. In the second meeting, the students were taught about simple past tense by
using short story. The students were asked to read a short story titled Frog Prince. After reading the text, the students were asked to find the past verbs in the text
and replaced them into present verbs. Then, they were asked to make simple past tense by using those verbs.
In the third meeting, the students were given a short story again with different title and they were asked to find the example of simple past tense from
the text. Then, they changed the form of simple past tense for example, from the positive sentence became the negative one or interrogative form. In the fourth
meeting, the students were showed a video of short story titled The Monkey Referee. After that, they were asked to review the story in the video. In the next
4
Ibid.
meeting, the students were given a different video of short story and they were asked to review the story again. In the last meeting, the students in both the
experimental and the control classes were given a post-test to check whether they improved their mastery of simple past tense whether it increased or decreased.
The teaching and learning processes above were done in the experimental class. Meanwhile, the control class was not taught by using short story but by
using their book.
G. The Technique of Data Analysis
Data analysis is the last step of the research. After collecting the data, which is the score of Pre-test and Post-test, the writer then analyzed the data by
using statistic calculation of t-test formula, both in manual calculation and software calculation using SPSS Statistic Product and Statistic Solution are
performed. The t-test was done for three times. First, the writer compared the results
of pre-test of the experimental class and the controlled class to check the students’
background knowledge before they were given any treatment. Second, the writer compared the results of post-test of the experimental calss and the controlled
class. It aims to know whether there is significant difference of post-test score between the experimental and the control class. Third, the writer compared the
gained score in the experimental class and the controlled class. The t-test by using SPSS can be seen in the table 4.6 on page 41-42, meanwhile the manual formula
is stated as follow:
5
t
o
=
Mx : Mean of the Difference of Experiment Class My : Mean of the Difference of Control Class
SE
Mx
: Standard Error of Experiment Class
5
Anas Sudjono, Pengantar Statistik Pendidikan, Jakarta; PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, 2008, p. 32.
SE
My
: Standard Error of Control Class X : using short story in Experiment Class
Y : do not using short story in Control Class Prior the calculation of t
test,
there are several steps to be taken, they are as follow:
1. Determining mean of variable X the formulation is:
M
x
=
2. Determining mean of variable Y the formulation is:
M
y
=
3. Determining standard of deviation score of variable X the formulation is:
SD
x
= √
4. Determining standard of deviation score of variable Y the formulation is:
SD
y
= √
5. Determining standard error of mean of variable X the formulation is:
SE
x
=
√
6. Determining standard error of mean of variable Y the formulation is:
SE
y
=
√
7. Determining standard error of different mean of variable X and variable Y the formulation is:
SE
Mx-My
= √
8. Determining t
o
with formula:
t
o
=
9. Determining t-table in significance level 5 with degree of freedom df: df = N
1
+ N
2
– 2
H. The Statistical Hypothesis
