3 Theory of Personality
To see the factors of the development in personality, the theory of personality is needed to give a clearer reason and explanation. The theories of
personality are from Ekstrand 2012 and Hurlock 1974.
3.1 Definition of Personality
Personality has many meanings. According to Allport, “personality is the
dynamic organization within the individual of those psychological system that determine his or her characteristic behavior and thought
” as cited in Hurlock, 1974, p. 7. Moreover, according to Hjelle and Ziegler 1981 in their book entitled
Personalities Theories; Basic Assumption, Research, and Applications, personality is seen
as the most dominant individual’s characteristic p. 6. It can be concluded that
personality is an organization from the most dominant individual’s characteristic.
3.2 Theory of Four Human Temperaments
There is a reason why people do certain things. The reasons can be found by analyzing their temperament or personality. According to Ekstrand 2012 in his
article entitled The Four Human Temperaments , “many of the answers for human
behavior can be found i n people’s temperament or personalities” p. 1. People’s
personalities are inherited from parents or influenced and shaped by the environment p. 1. Thus, personalities are shaped by the inheritance personalities
and the influence from environment. A human ’s personality is commonly divided
into four major categories. They are sanguine, melancholic, choleric, and PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
phlegmatic. Ekstrand 2012 says that “all human beings have a degree of each of
these four personality types within them, though each person will definitely test out higher in one, with another being a close second” p. 2. According to Ekstrand
2012, each personality is described as follows:
3.2.1 Sanguine
Sanguine personality has positive and negative characteristics in it. Therefore, sanguine characteristics are mentioned in order to support this study in
analyzing Hiccup’s characterization. The sanguine is described as impulsive and pleasure-seeking personality. According to Ekstrand 2012 the sanguine is called
as the talker. They are very expressive and enthusiast with people p. 2. Sanguine loves to be the center of attention that is why they are very sociable and attractive.
Moreover, sanguine loves people so they are famous of being friendly and warm- hearted and it help them to make friends in a crowd. In the other hand, even though
sanguine seems to be very cheerful and friendly, sanguine also has some negative characteristics in them. The negative characteristics in sanguine are first, impulsive,
they have tendency to make what they want come true as soon as possible. If what they wish did not came too they easily bored and sanguine cannot handle boredom
well. The changes of sanguine moods are very fast and they famous of having mood disorder. Mood disorder means the sanguine has fluctuated moods.
3.2.2 Choleric
The choleric is an ambitious and leader-like personality. Ekstrand 2012 describes the choleric as the doer or the driver p. 3. The choleric usually born as
