written by Padmasari, she focused on the psychological influence of mother’s
behavior toward Paul’s character development. Meanwhile, the second related study focused on the finding of personality development and moral values that
could be found from someone’s racism experience. The difference between two
previous studies from this study is on the objects of the study which use different novels. Therefore, the writer finds a new topic which discusses personality
development of Hiccup in his preadolescent stage in How to train your Dragon novel using psychological approach.
B. Theoretical Description
There are some theories used by the writer in conducting this study. These theories give the writer some valuable information which are very helpful in
analyzing the novel. They are the theory of plot, the theory of character, the theory of characterization, the theory of adolescence, and the last one is the theory of
personality.
1. Theory of Plot
Every story in the literature works contain a plot. According to Murphy 1972,
“a plot is a plan which all the action, event, reaction of the characters are contributes t
oward the movement of the story” p. 134. To see the development of Hiccup, the theory of plot is needed to distinguish and to provide a clear
development from the beginning until the end of the story. The theory of plot is taken from theory of tragic by Aristotle as cited in McManus
’s, 1999, p. 1. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
McManus 1999 said that there are three major sections. The first is the incentive moment or exposition, contain the introduction of characters, the setting, and the
conflict. The second is the climax, the turning point when the problem or conflict turns worst. The third is the resolution, the end of the story when the problem or
conflict is solved.
2. Theory of Character and Characterization
Characters is one of the important parts of a story. To have deeper understanding about a story, the reader should know all of the characters in the
story. As stated by Stanton 1965, “through our knowledge of the characters, we
understand their actions, we understand the characters ” p. 18. The theories of
character in this study are proposed by Eneste 1991, Stanton 1965, Kennedy and Gioia 2010.
2.1 Definition of Character
Every story has characters. Characters have very important roles for the author to deliver the story to the readers through
characters’ actions, thoughts, personalities, emotions, and backgrounds. According to Forster, there are two types
of character namely flat and round as cited in Kennedy Gioia, 2010, p. 78. A flat character only has one outstanding trait and tends to stay the same from the
beginning until the end of the story. A round character has a greater and generous detail. Round character is likely to evolve from the beginning of the story until the
end. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
