2.3.5 Conversation of Others
The author can give the readers clues about a character through other characters’ conversation. Usually, other characters will talk about other characters
too. From their conversation we can find some clues that related to certain character that they talked about.
2.3.6 Reactions
Clues can also be found in reactions. The reactions mean that the author sometimes gives the readers clues about a character through their reaction. A
character’s reaction toward some situations and events can help the reader to have a better understanding.
2.3.7 Direct Comment
The author uses their direct comment or narration to describe the characters directly in the story.
2.3.8 Thoughts
The author gives the readers clues from the character s’ thoughts or what
they are thinking about in various events.
2.3.9 Mannerism
The author gives the readers clues about characters’ personalities through their description about character
s’ mannerism and habits. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
3 Theory of Personality
To see the factors of the development in personality, the theory of personality is needed to give a clearer reason and explanation. The theories of
personality are from Ekstrand 2012 and Hurlock 1974.
3.1 Definition of Personality
Personality has many meanings. According to Allport, “personality is the
dynamic organization within the individual of those psychological system that determine his or her characteristic behavior and thought
” as cited in Hurlock, 1974, p. 7. Moreover, according to Hjelle and Ziegler 1981 in their book entitled
Personalities Theories; Basic Assumption, Research, and Applications, personality is seen
as the most dominant individual’s characteristic p. 6. It can be concluded that
personality is an organization from the most dominant individual’s characteristic.
3.2 Theory of Four Human Temperaments
There is a reason why people do certain things. The reasons can be found by analyzing their temperament or personality. According to Ekstrand 2012 in his
article entitled The Four Human Temperaments , “many of the answers for human
behavior can be found i n people’s temperament or personalities” p. 1. People’s
personalities are inherited from parents or influenced and shaped by the environment p. 1. Thus, personalities are shaped by the inheritance personalities
and the influence from environment. A human ’s personality is commonly divided
into four major categories. They are sanguine, melancholic, choleric, and PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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