As stated by Eneste 1991, characters in the novel is usually humans, but sometimes there is a novel which has animal characters in it p. 24. Moreover, as
stated by Stanton 1965, “character is used in two contexts. First, character is the
individual shown in the story or second, character is the emotion, wishes, morality, and personality of the individual in the story” p. 33. Based on the statements
above, a character can be synthesized as humans or animals which have emotion, wishes or certain personality in them and connected to the action in the story.
2.2 Definition of Characterization
Characterization is important when people write stories because every story has characters in it and every character should have their own characterization.
According to Eneste 1991 “characterization’s function is to support the story and
the plot” p. 25. Moreover, as stated by Saad 1967 “characterization’s task is to supply the reasons for certain action in the story
” as cited in Eneste, 1991, p. 25. Based on statements above, the writer concludes that characterization is an
instrument to support the story and explain the reason why certain action happens in the story.
2.3 Ways of Characterization
Characterization can be done in many ways to give a detailed explanation about the character itself. As stated by Rene and Austin 1956,
“the simplest way to understand a character is from the name
” as cited in Eneste, 1991, p. 24. Moreover, according to Eneste 1991, “characterization can be done not only by
name but also by their personality or behavior from the character” p. 24.
Furthermore, Murphy 1972 describes nine ways of characterization in the novel,
which are:
2.3.1 Personal Description
The authors of stories usually describe their character directly. Through their narration, they will give the readers some clues through appearances or clothes
to let their imagination form their own perception towards the characters in the story.
2.3.2 Character as Seen by Another
On the other hand, instead of giving a direct narration about character, the author usually gives clues about a character through other c
haracters’ eyes, opinions or thoughts.
2.3.3 Speech
The author can also describe characters through their speech. Clues can be found from how characters talk, their speech, their conversation, and also from their
opinions.
2.3.4 Past Life
Characters’ past life can also give the readers description about the characters. Knowing their past life or background can help the readers to find clues
regarding to the personalities of a character. Usually, the clues about characters ’
past life can be done by the direct narration from the author, through the characters ’
thoughts, conversation, and from other characters. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
2.3.5 Conversation of Others
The author can give the readers clues about a character through other characters’ conversation. Usually, other characters will talk about other characters
too. From their conversation we can find some clues that related to certain character that they talked about.
2.3.6 Reactions
Clues can also be found in reactions. The reactions mean that the author sometimes gives the readers clues about a character through their reaction. A
character’s reaction toward some situations and events can help the reader to have a better understanding.
2.3.7 Direct Comment
The author uses their direct comment or narration to describe the characters directly in the story.
2.3.8 Thoughts
The author gives the readers clues from the character s’ thoughts or what
they are thinking about in various events.
2.3.9 Mannerism
The author gives the readers clues about characters’ personalities through their description about character
s’ mannerism and habits. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
