McManus 1999 said that there are three major sections. The first is the incentive moment or exposition, contain the introduction of characters, the setting, and the
conflict. The second is the climax, the turning point when the problem or conflict turns worst. The third is the resolution, the end of the story when the problem or
conflict is solved.
2. Theory of Character and Characterization
Characters is one of the important parts of a story. To have deeper understanding about a story, the reader should know all of the characters in the
story. As stated by Stanton 1965, “through our knowledge of the characters, we
understand their actions, we understand the characters ” p. 18. The theories of
character in this study are proposed by Eneste 1991, Stanton 1965, Kennedy and Gioia 2010.
2.1 Definition of Character
Every story has characters. Characters have very important roles for the author to deliver the story to the readers through
characters’ actions, thoughts, personalities, emotions, and backgrounds. According to Forster, there are two types
of character namely flat and round as cited in Kennedy Gioia, 2010, p. 78. A flat character only has one outstanding trait and tends to stay the same from the
beginning until the end of the story. A round character has a greater and generous detail. Round character is likely to evolve from the beginning of the story until the
end. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
As stated by Eneste 1991, characters in the novel is usually humans, but sometimes there is a novel which has animal characters in it p. 24. Moreover, as
stated by Stanton 1965, “character is used in two contexts. First, character is the
individual shown in the story or second, character is the emotion, wishes, morality, and personality of the individual in the story” p. 33. Based on the statements
above, a character can be synthesized as humans or animals which have emotion, wishes or certain personality in them and connected to the action in the story.
2.2 Definition of Characterization
Characterization is important when people write stories because every story has characters in it and every character should have their own characterization.
According to Eneste 1991 “characterization’s function is to support the story and
the plot” p. 25. Moreover, as stated by Saad 1967 “characterization’s task is to supply the reasons for certain action in the story
” as cited in Eneste, 1991, p. 25. Based on statements above, the writer concludes that characterization is an
instrument to support the story and explain the reason why certain action happens in the story.
2.3 Ways of Characterization
Characterization can be done in many ways to give a detailed explanation about the character itself. As stated by Rene and Austin 1956,
“the simplest way to understand a character is from the name
” as cited in Eneste, 1991, p. 24. Moreover, according to Eneste 1991, “characterization can be done not only by
name but also by their personality or behavior from the character” p. 24.
