about andor experience of the language in ways designed to promote language learning”.
Materials development, therefore, can be said as developing materials
done by the writers, teachers, or learners in the form of writing or creating, adapting, and organizing materials to achieve the objectives in language
learning.
b. Steps of Materials Development
In developing materials, there are some steps to be followed by a material developer. Jolly and Bolitho in Tomlinson 1998: 98 proposed those steps as
follows:
1 Identification of need for materials
In this step, the materials developer identifies learners’ needs in order to
get the information of learning needs and.target needs and to solve a problem by creation of materials.
2 Exploration of need
In the next step, a materials developer explores the area of needs or problems in the language context such as forms and functions.
3 Contextual realization of materials
In this step, a materials developer has to prepare contextualization of the materials that is the local content area of the materials to be involved in
reading, writing, listening, and speaking resources. 4
Pedagogical realisation of materials Next, pedagogical realisation involves the use of instruction and
appropriate exercises and activities in the materials developed.
5 Production of materials
This step is the physical production of the materials in the form of course books including the layout, visual, and size of the books.
6 Students’ use of materials
In this step, the materials are used by students. It includes the introducing materials in the class which followed by completing worksheet at home
and discussing it in the next meeting. 7
Evaluation of the materials In evaluation step, the students give comments and difficulties in
completing the worksheet.
Figure 2:
Jolly and Bolitho’s Model of Materials Development Process 1998:98
4. Unit Design and Development
a. Component of a Unit
A unit consists of some components. Richards 2001:264 lists a set of checklist to identify the quality of a unit. He argues that a unit of materials
should cover some criteria, such as: 1
Gives learners something they can take away from the lesson 2
Teaches something learners feel they can use 3
Gives learners a sense of achievement 4
Practice learning items in an interesting and novel way 5
Provides a pleasurable learning experience 6
Provides opportunities for success 7
Provide opportunities for individual practice 8
Provides opportunities for personalization 9
Provides opportunities for self-assessment of learning
From the list above, it is found that a unit of materials has some components. The components of a unit that are developed by the researcher
are: 1.
Introduction The first part of the unit in the course book will help students understand
the learning goal and the topic of the unit. The tasks presented in this part will help students form their own question regarding the topic and
provide basic information that they need in order to learn further from the unit.
2. Main Activities
In this section, students will explore more about the knowledge that they already have from the introduction. The students will learn four skills of
