Residence Educational attainment - Household shocks and community preferences 109
a. Residence
Urban 46 Rural 39 Kuchi 45b. Educational attainment of mother
No education 40 Primary school 45 Secondary school 47 College or more 24 Total 41 The breastfeeding indicators should be interpreted with caution. The exclusive breastfeeding indicator varies considerably depending on whether or not feeding patterns during the first three days are included in calculation of the indicator. In addition, mothers were not directly asked what liquids the child was given in the past 24 hours, which may more accurately capture exclusive breastfeeding patterns. Regarding complementary feeding, the NRVA 20078 does not contain specific questions about the types of food that children were given in the last 24 hours, and therefore no information is available about the nutritional content and benefit of the complementary foods children are receiving. This is extremely important in the context of Afghanistan, where dietary diversity can be extremely limited in certain areas of the country.8.4 Reproductive health
6 Reproductive health implies that women and men are informed of and to have access to safe, effective, affordable and acceptable methods of fertility regulation, and the right of access to appropriate health care services that will enable women to go safely through pregnancy and childbirth and provide couples with the best chance of having a healthy infant. Although there are no reliable national data on mortality available in Afghanistan, the latest estimate of the maternal mortality ratio in Afghanistan is 1,600 per 100,000 live births Government of Afghanistan 2009, which would be the third highest in the world UNFPA 2008. The survival of mothers has enormous socio-economic ramifications and is a crucial development priority in Afghanistan and internationally. The Afghanistan National Development Strategy aims for a 50 percent reduction of the maternal mortality ratio MMR from 1,600 in 2002 to 800 in 2015, and a further decrease to 400 by 2020 Government of Afghanistan 2009. Key strategies to reduce Afghanistan’s maternal mortality ratio are access to contraception to avoid unintended pregnancies, access to skilled care at the time of birth and timely access to quality emergency obstetric care. In addition, early pregnancies, narrowly spaced births and high fertility exacerbate maternal mortality. The NRVA 20078 provides information on most of these issues, which are the subject of the following sub-sections. All MDG indicators mentioned in this section refer to Goal 5 – improve maternal health. _________________________________________________________ 6 Methodological considerations underlying the analysis of various reproductive health issues are provided in Annex VI.B.Parts
» MDG Indicators AFG 2007 NRVA report
» – Population structure and change 10 – Labour force characteristics 25
» – The agricultural sector 40 – Poverty incidence and poverty profiling 54
» - Education 65 - Health 73 Other Indicators
» Stakeholder involvement and questionnaire design
» Sampling design NRVA 20078 methodology
» Questionnaire contents and interviews
» Comparability of NRVA 20078 with previous rounds
» Data limitations NRVA 20078 methodology
» Second quarter December 2007-February 2008
» Third quarter March-May 2008 d. Fourth quarter June - August 2008
» Introduction - Household shocks and community preferences 109
» General population characteristics Population structure and distribution
» Geographic distribution Population structure and distribution
» Household structure Household structure and marriage patterns
» Marriage patterns Household structure and marriage patterns
» Total Fertility Rate Fertility and mortality
» Child mortality estimates Fertility and mortality
» General migration In-migration Migration
» Security and returnees Migration
» Conclusions - Household shocks and community preferences 109
» Labour force participation Labour force, employment and unemployment
» Employment and unemployment Conceptualisation of employment and unemployment
» Status in employment Characteristics of employment
» Industry and occupation Characteristics of employment
» Introduction Children and work
» Seasonal migration Labour migration
» Irrigated land Access to land
» Rain-fed land Access to land
» Crop production Agricultural production
» Opium production Agricultural production
» Introduction Irrigated land in summer
» Rain-fed land - Household shocks and community preferences 109
» Traction for cultivating land
» Use of fertilizers and pesticides
» Reasons for not cultivating land
» Community accessibility Rain-fed land
» Conceptualization of poverty Poverty across space and time
» Equality in consumption expenditure
» Household size and composition
» Characteristics of the head of household
» Characteristics of household members
» Introduction Literacy - Household shocks and community preferences 109
» Literacy rates - Household shocks and community preferences 109
» Gender gap indicators - Household shocks and community preferences 109
» Participation in school - Household shocks and community preferences 109
» Educational attainment - Household shocks and community preferences 109
» Travel time and travel costs
» Travel time to nearest health faclity: percentage with access within one hour
» Mean travel costs to nearest health faclity in Afs.
» Health post - Household shocks and community preferences 109
» Clinic - Household shocks and community preferences 109
» District or provincial hospital
» Private pharmacy - Household shocks and community preferences 109
» Supplementation of micro-nutrients Vitamin A supplementation
» Residence - Household shocks and community preferences 109
» Child immunization Educational attainment of mother
» Residence Educational attainment of mother
» Residence Educational attainment - Household shocks and community preferences 109
» Child feeding patterns Exclusive breastfeeding
» Educational attainment of mother
» Current use of family planning methods
» Use of maternal health care Antenatal care
» Fertility and pregnancy patterns
» Total - Household shocks and community preferences 109
» 16.9 - Household shocks and community preferences 109
» Conceptualisation and analysis of disability
» The distribution of the disabled population
» Causes and consequences of disability
» Housing characteristics Housing ownership and characteristics
» Construction material of walls
» 4.7 - Household shocks and community preferences 109
» Water and sanitation Housing facilities
» Other facilities Electricity Housing facilities
» Household decision making The position of women in decision making
» Age - Household shocks and community preferences 109
» Community decision making Marital status
» The face of women in population and marriage
» Labour force indicators - Household shocks and community preferences 109
» Education indicators - Household shocks and community preferences 109
» Educational disparities Indicators of community representation
» Health conditions Indicators of community representation
» Decision-making Indicators of community representation
» Household shocks and coping strategies
» Community preferences - Household shocks and community preferences 109
» Policy recommendations - Household shocks and community preferences 109
» Recommendations related to information provision
» Child health AFG 2007 NRVA report
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