The distribution of the disabled population
8.6 Conclusions
For various health indicators, the NRVA provided new information to assess the health status in the population and the performance of the health sector of Afghanistan. To the extent that methodological similarities allow, trends can be established by comparing the present results with the findings of the MICS 2003, NDSA 2005, NRVA 2005 and AHS 2006. The overall conclusion of this assessment is that many health indicators are improving, but remain well below desirable levels, and are often abysmal in comparison to levels in other countries. The build-up of health infrastructure and access to health services, especially in rural areas, are badly needed. It is, therefore, not surprising to find that improvement of health facilities invariantly ranks among the top priorities for community development, regardless of gender perspective. Presently, of the large rural majority seeking affordable public health care only about half 54 percent can reach a facility within one hour walking. In remote areas, where motorized transport is required to reach health centers, transport costs play an additional role as barrier to health care access. Women are in a particularly disadvantaged position since they usually cannot travel alone, which doubles out-of-pocket expenditure on transportation. In addition, lack of female staff – only 29 percent of nearest health posts has a female community health worker – feeds the resistance to health center visits by women in need of medical assistance, probably especially if it concerns reproductive health. These factors contribute to the low use of family planning 23 percent overall, 15 percent using modern contraceptive methods, antenatal care 36 percent and skilled birth attendance 24 percent, and denies many women life-saving emergency obstetric care. Early pregnancies, closely spaced births 53 percent of reported birth intervals less than 24 months and bearing many children a TFR of 6.3 further make women pay a high price for giving new life. For almost all indicators, the figures underline the substantial differences that exist between rural, urban and Kuchi populations. Whereas the NRVA analysis paints a harsh reality, it also discovers some hopeful signs of improvement. Section 3.3.2 reported that for successive younger cohorts the share of women marrying before age 20 declined and sectionParts
» MDG Indicators AFG 2007 NRVA report
» – Population structure and change 10 – Labour force characteristics 25
» – The agricultural sector 40 – Poverty incidence and poverty profiling 54
» - Education 65 - Health 73 Other Indicators
» Stakeholder involvement and questionnaire design
» Sampling design NRVA 20078 methodology
» Questionnaire contents and interviews
» Comparability of NRVA 20078 with previous rounds
» Data limitations NRVA 20078 methodology
» Second quarter December 2007-February 2008
» Third quarter March-May 2008 d. Fourth quarter June - August 2008
» Introduction - Household shocks and community preferences 109
» General population characteristics Population structure and distribution
» Geographic distribution Population structure and distribution
» Household structure Household structure and marriage patterns
» Marriage patterns Household structure and marriage patterns
» Total Fertility Rate Fertility and mortality
» Child mortality estimates Fertility and mortality
» General migration In-migration Migration
» Security and returnees Migration
» Conclusions - Household shocks and community preferences 109
» Labour force participation Labour force, employment and unemployment
» Employment and unemployment Conceptualisation of employment and unemployment
» Status in employment Characteristics of employment
» Industry and occupation Characteristics of employment
» Introduction Children and work
» Seasonal migration Labour migration
» Irrigated land Access to land
» Rain-fed land Access to land
» Crop production Agricultural production
» Opium production Agricultural production
» Introduction Irrigated land in summer
» Rain-fed land - Household shocks and community preferences 109
» Traction for cultivating land
» Use of fertilizers and pesticides
» Reasons for not cultivating land
» Community accessibility Rain-fed land
» Conceptualization of poverty Poverty across space and time
» Equality in consumption expenditure
» Household size and composition
» Characteristics of the head of household
» Characteristics of household members
» Introduction Literacy - Household shocks and community preferences 109
» Literacy rates - Household shocks and community preferences 109
» Gender gap indicators - Household shocks and community preferences 109
» Participation in school - Household shocks and community preferences 109
» Educational attainment - Household shocks and community preferences 109
» Travel time and travel costs
» Travel time to nearest health faclity: percentage with access within one hour
» Mean travel costs to nearest health faclity in Afs.
» Health post - Household shocks and community preferences 109
» Clinic - Household shocks and community preferences 109
» District or provincial hospital
» Private pharmacy - Household shocks and community preferences 109
» Supplementation of micro-nutrients Vitamin A supplementation
» Residence - Household shocks and community preferences 109
» Child immunization Educational attainment of mother
» Residence Educational attainment of mother
» Residence Educational attainment - Household shocks and community preferences 109
» Child feeding patterns Exclusive breastfeeding
» Educational attainment of mother
» Current use of family planning methods
» Use of maternal health care Antenatal care
» Fertility and pregnancy patterns
» Total - Household shocks and community preferences 109
» 16.9 - Household shocks and community preferences 109
» Conceptualisation and analysis of disability
» The distribution of the disabled population
» Causes and consequences of disability
» Housing characteristics Housing ownership and characteristics
» Construction material of walls
» 4.7 - Household shocks and community preferences 109
» Water and sanitation Housing facilities
» Other facilities Electricity Housing facilities
» Household decision making The position of women in decision making
» Age - Household shocks and community preferences 109
» Community decision making Marital status
» The face of women in population and marriage
» Labour force indicators - Household shocks and community preferences 109
» Education indicators - Household shocks and community preferences 109
» Educational disparities Indicators of community representation
» Health conditions Indicators of community representation
» Decision-making Indicators of community representation
» Household shocks and coping strategies
» Community preferences - Household shocks and community preferences 109
» Policy recommendations - Household shocks and community preferences 109
» Recommendations related to information provision
» Child health AFG 2007 NRVA report
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