3. Action and Observation
This step was done after the researcher made the plan of actions. It consisted of series of actions which are carried out by the researcher in
order to make improvement in students’ motivation and writing skills. Observation was done at the same time with action stage. The researcher
documented the classroom situation during the action stage in the teaching and learning process in the form of field notes and photographs.
4. Reflection
This step was done to reflect, describe, and evaluate the effect of the action in order to find out the significance and weaknesses of the actions. It was
used to improve teaching and learning processes in the next cycle.
D. The Techniques of Collecting Data
In this study, the researcher collected qualitative and quantitative data. The data collecting techniques which were used to collect the data are presented
below. 1.
Observation The researcher used observation to collect qualitative data before the
action and during the action. The preliminary observation before was aimed to collect information about the writing class and problems existed
in the VIII C class. The observation in the action stage would be done by the researcher and observer. It was aimed to observe the teaching and
learning process during the implementation of the mind mapping
technique in writing. The researcher provided observation guidelines for the observer in the form of observation checklists.
2. Interview
Burgess in Burns 2010 describes an interview as a conversation with a purpose. There are three types of interview proposed by Burns 2010
namely, structured interviews, semi-structured interviews, and open ended interviews. The researcher used semi-structured interview to gather data
for the research. Pre-research and post-research interviews were done by the researcher to collect the data. The researcher did the interview with the
English teacher, students, and the collaborator. 3.
Documentation The researcher did the documentation to record the teaching and learning
process during the implementation of the mind mapping in the research. 4.
Testing and evaluating the students’ writing The researcher used tests to collect quantitative data for the research. Pre-
test and post- test were done to see the students’ achievement before and
after the action.
E. The Techniques of Data Analysis
The data collected in this research are qualitative and quantitative data. The researcher would analyze qualitative data by using qualitative data
analysis proposed by Burns 2010. Then, quantitative data would be analyzed by using quantitative descriptive analysis.
