technique in writing. The researcher provided observation guidelines for the observer in the form of observation checklists.
2. Interview
Burgess in Burns 2010 describes an interview as a conversation with a purpose. There are three types of interview proposed by Burns 2010
namely, structured interviews, semi-structured interviews, and open ended interviews. The researcher used semi-structured interview to gather data
for the research. Pre-research and post-research interviews were done by the researcher to collect the data. The researcher did the interview with the
English teacher, students, and the collaborator. 3.
Documentation The researcher did the documentation to record the teaching and learning
process during the implementation of the mind mapping in the research. 4.
Testing and evaluating the students’ writing The researcher used tests to collect quantitative data for the research. Pre-
test and post- test were done to see the students’ achievement before and
after the action.
E. The Techniques of Data Analysis
The data collected in this research are qualitative and quantitative data. The researcher would analyze qualitative data by using qualitative data
analysis proposed by Burns 2010. Then, quantitative data would be analyzed by using quantitative descriptive analysis.
1. Qualitative data analysis
According to Burns 2010:104, there are five steps in analyzing qualitative data:
a. Assembling Data
In this stage, the researcher assembled the data from various data instruments such as interviews, observation, and tests. The researcher
looked closely to the data and then compared and contrasted the data to see what fits together.
b. Coding the data
The broad data that were collected before was arranged into more manageable categories or specific patterns.
c. Comparing the data
After the coding of the data finished, the data were compared to see whether they match for each other. For example, the researcher
compared the data from the interview and observation. d.
Building meanings and interpretations This is the stage when the researcher thought deeply about the meaning
of the data by reflecting beyond the immediate surface details, then the researcher made interpretation of the meanings of the data.
e. Reporting the outcomes
The final stage of data analysis involved reporting the result of the research to others. The researcher selected a way to report the result.
