Stating learning objectives Theoretical Framework
36 Descriptive research was applied in this study, as Ary et al stated,
“descriptive research studies are designed to obtain information concerning the current status of phenomena.” 1972: 295. Moreover, in solving the problems, the
writer used survey research that was aimed to gather the information needed in the field. According to Leedy, survey method was a research method that looks with
intense accuracy at the phenomena of the moment and then describes precisely what the researcher sees 1996: 140. In addition, Sprinthall et al stated that
surveys are designed to gather information from samples by using questionnaire or, sometimes, interviews 1991: 93. The writer applied two kinds of survey
researches. The first was called Needs Survey, was conducted to acquire some important information on the students’ characteristics, the students’ interests, the
students’ needs and the students’ previous background knowledge in learning English.
In designing the material, the writer adapted Kemp’s and Yalden instructional design model. The writer employs Kemp’s and Yalden’s model of
the instructional design because these two models describe the steps clearly. The two design models are adapted to build a framework of this study. After obtaining
the data from the needs survey, the writer started to state goals, topics and general purposes for the material. The learning objectives were asserted based on the
learners’ characteristics identification. Other things to accomplish in designing the material were selection of teaching learning activities and instructional resources.
The second survey research method carried out in this study was Evaluation Survey. This type of survey research was conducted to obtain ideas, opinions and
37 suggestions on the designed materials from the participants. Participants’ ideas
and suggestions were needed to revise and improve the designed materials in order to create the best version of the designed set of materials. It was conducted
by distributing questionnaires and doing interviews.