Child Development and Characteristics

22 2 Logical-mathematical Intelligence Logical-mathematical intelligence consists of the capacity to analyze problems logically, carry out mathematical operations, and investigate issues scientifically. This intelligence is often associated with scientific and mathematical thought. 3 Musical Intelligence Musical intelligence involves skill in the performance, composition, and appreciation of musical patterns. It encompasses the capacity to recognize and compose musical pitches, tones and rhythms. According to Howard Gardner musical intelligence runs in an almost structural parallel to linguistic intelligence. 4 Bodily-kinesthetic Intelligence Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence entails the potential of using ones whole body or parts of the body to solve problems. It is the ability to use mental abilities to coordinate bodily movements. 5 Spatial intelligence Spatial intelligence involves the potential to recognize and use the patterns of wide space and more confined areas. 6 Interpersonal intelligence Interpersonal intelligence is concerned with the capacity to understand the intentions, motivations and desires of other people. It allows people to work effectively with others. 23 7 Intrapersonal intelligence Intrapersonal intelligence entails the capacity to understand oneself, to appreciate ones feelings, fears and motivations. It involves having an effective working model of ourselves, and to be able to use such information to regulate our lives. 8 Naturalist Intelligence Naturalist intelligence is an ability to understand and recognize the patterns of nature.

b. Learners’ Characteristics Based on Multiple Intelligences Theory

It is also important to recognize learners’ characteristics based on multiple intelligences theory after identifying the types of multiple intelligences. The description of the learners’ characteristics below might be beneficial in identifying personal characteristics, traits, behaviours, and preferences for each of the eight intelligences. Campbell and Dickinson classify the characteristics as follows 1996: 4-195: 1 Linguistic Intelligence Learners with well-developed verbal-linguistic intelligence are able to listen and respond to the sound, rhythm, colour, and variety of the spoken word. They imitate sounds, language, reading, writing, and discussing. They usually learn through listening, reading, writing, and discussing. In learning other languages, they utilize listening, speaking, writing, and reading to remember, communicate, discuss, explain, persuade, create knowledge, construct meaning, and reflect upon language itself .