37 suggestions on the designed materials from the participants. Participants’ ideas
and suggestions were needed to revise and improve the designed materials in order to create the best version of the designed set of materials. It was conducted
by distributing questionnaires and doing interviews.
B. Research Participants
The participants of the study were grouped in two. The first were the participants of the Need Survey and the second were the participants of the
designed materials evaluation survey.
1. Participants of Needs Survey
The participants of Needs Survey were the fourth grade students of SD Negeri Dayuharjo Yogyakarta. SD Negeri Dayuharjo Yogyakarta is located in
Kaliurang street km. 8,2 Sinduharjo, Ngaglik, Sleman. In this survey, the writer intended to gain information on the students’ characteristics, the students’
interests, the students’ needs and the students’ previous background knowledge in learning English. Besides, the writer also conducted an interview with the English
teacher of SD Negeri Dayuharjo Yogyakarta.
2. Participants of Evaluation Survey
In evaluating the set of designed materials, the writer distributed a questionnaire and the designed materials to the English teacher of SD Negeri
Dayuharjo and some lecturers in English Language Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University. All the participants were inquired to review whether
38 the designed English vocabulary materials based on multiple intelligences were
acceptable or not. Moreover, the writer also conducted an interview.
C. Research Instruments
This study used questionnaire and interview as the instruments. The instruments were important as the apparatus to collect data from the participants
under the study.
1. Questionnaire
Questionnaire, according to Ary et al 1990: 174, is considered as a data- gathering tool which is efficient and practical. It is possible to use for larger
subjects or samples. There are two types of questionnaire revealed by Ary et al namely “structured or closed form” and “unstructured or open form”. The writer
used two kinds of questionnaires. The first was the closed form questionnaire for collecting data on the students’ characteristics, the students’ interests, the
students’ needs and the students’ previous background knowledge in learning English. The second was the open form questionnaire that was distributed to the
English teacher of the fourth grade students of SD Negeri Dayuharjo and lecturers of the English Language Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University.
2. Interview
According to Ary et al 1972:174, there are two types of interview, namely structured and unstructured interview. In structured interview, the questions had
been prepared before and provide alternative answers. Meanwhile, in unstructured interview, the questions are free, more informal and flexible to be done. In this
39 study, the writer conducted informal interview to gain the information. According
to Elliot 1988: 80, interviewing is a good way to find out what the situation looks like from other perceptions. The interview was managed to the English
teacher of SD Negeri Dayuharjo in order to obtain information about the students’ characteristics, students’ difficulties or problems in learning English, and the
teaching strategies.
D. Data Gathering Technique
The data were gathered in two ways. They were data gathering for the needs survey and data gathering for the evaluation survey.
1. Data gathering for the needs survey
To gather the data, the writer utilized the questionnaire. It was distributed to the fourth grade students of SD Negeri DayuharjoYogyakarta. Besides, the writer
also conducted an interview with the English teacher of SD Negeri Dayuharjo to sustain the students’ answer on their needs.
2. Data gathering for the evaluation survey
In gathering the data, the writer distributed a questionnaire to the English teacher of SD Negeri Dayuharjo and lecturers of the English Language Education
Study Program of Sanata Dharma University. The distribution of a questionnaire was enclosed with the designed materials.
