Commercial Diesel Engine Oils Lubricant Specifications

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2. Commercial Diesel Engine Oils

The performance of commercial diesel engine oils is based on API categories. The API categories were developed in order to provide commercial lubricants for a wide variety of diesel engines that operate at various conditions. When a Caterpillar DEO is not used, use the following commercial oils: • Multigrade API CG-4 Preferred alternative • Multigrade API CF-4 Acceptable alternative The following explanations of these API categories can be used in order to make the proper choice of a commercial oil.

3. Lubricant Specifications

Lubricant Information General Information The information that is provided is the latest recommendations for Caterpillar engines and for Caterpillar machine compartments. This information supersedes all previous recommendations which have been published for Caterpillar machines. Special lubricants are required for some machine compartments and it will be necessary to continue to use these special products. This information is only for Caterpillar machines. For more lubricant recommendations, refer to Operation and Maintenance Manual, SEBU6251, Caterpillar Commercial Diesel Engine Fluid Recommendations, Operation and Maintenance Manual, SEBU6385, Caterpillar On-Highway Diesel Truck Engine Fluid Recommendations, Operation and Maintenance Manual, SEBU6400, Caterpillar Gaseous Fueled Spark Ignited Engines Lubricant Recommendations, and Operation and Maintenance Manual, SEBU7003, Caterpillar 3600 Series Diesel Engine Fluid Recommendations. Engine Oil The Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System for engine oils by the American Petroleum Institute is recognized by Caterpillar. For detailed information about this system, see the thirteenth edition of the API publication No. 1509. Engine oils that bear the API symbol are authorized by API. Examples of the API symbol are shown in Illustration 68. Di unduh dari : Bukupaket.com 148 Illustration 68 Diesel engine oils CD, CD-2, and CE will not be API authorized categories after 1 January 1996. Caterpillar will only reference those categories that are authorized by the API. Table 21 summarizes the status of the categories. Table 21 Current Obsolete CF CC, CD CF-21 CD-2 1 CF-4, CG-4 CE 1 CD-2 and CF-2 are categories for two-cycle diesel engines. Caterpillar does not sell engines that utilize CD-2 and CF-2 oils. Note: CF is not the same classification as CF-4. API CF oils are only recommended for Caterpillar machine engines with noncurrent precombustion chamber fuel systems PC. In previous editions of this document, Caterpillar referred to the US Military Oil Specifications MIL-L-XXXX and to the European CCMC oil specifications. These specifications do not provide identical performance to API CF-4 or API CG-4 engine oils. Caterpillar will not make reference to military specifications or CCMC specifications in this document. TransmissionDrive Train Oil Transmissiondrive train oils are classified by the TO-4 specifications. The specifications are developed by Caterpillar for use in Caterpillar transmissions and for use in Caterpillar final drives. Gear Oil Gear lubricants are classified by the API service classification and by the SAE viscosity grade that is defined in SAE J306. Di unduh dari : Bukupaket.com 149 Grease The classifications for grease are based on the ASTM D2718 worked penetration characteristics, which are given a defined consistency number. Terminology Certain abbreviations follow the nomenclature of SAE J754. Some classifications follow SAE J183 abbreviations. Definitions that differ from Caterpillar definitions will assist you when you purchase lubricants. Recommended oil viscosities can be found in the table of Lubricant Viscosities that is in this document. Cetane Number During average starting conditions, direct injection engines require a minimum cetane number of 40. A higher cetane value may be required for high altitude operation or for cold weather operation. Filterability Clean fuels should have no more than a 0.10 percent concentration of sediment and of water. Fuel that is stored for extended periods of time may form solids due to oxidation. This could cause filtering problems. Pour Point A fuels pour point should be at least 6°C 10°F below the lowest ambient temperature that is required for engine start-up and for engine operation. To operate the engine in extremely cold weather, No. 1 fuel or No. 1-D fuel may be necessary because of these fuels lower pour points. Cloud Point To prevent the fuel filter elements from plugging with wax crystals, the cloud point should be below the lowest ambient temperature that is required for engine start-up and for engine operation. Viscosity Fuel viscosity affects the lubrication of fuel system components. Fuel viscosity also affects fuel atomization. The viscosity limits that are provided in Table 20 address these effects. Additives Fuel additives are not generally recommended for the specified fuels that are listed. Fuel additives are not needed for the specified fuels that are listed. Cetane improvers Di unduh dari : Bukupaket.com 150 can be used for the direct injection engine requirements, as needed. Biocides may be needed in order to eliminate microorganism growth in storage tanks. In cold conditions, treatment for entrained water may also be necessary. Consult your fuel supplier about the use of additives in order to prevent incompatibility between additives that are already in the fuel and additives that will be used. Fuel Sulfur The percentage of sulfur that is in the fuel will affect the engine oil recommendations. Fuel sulfur is chemically changed during combustion. This chemical change causes the formation of sulfurous acid and of sulfuric acid. These acids cause corrosive wear to metal surfaces. Sulfur oxides that are formed during combustion also produce particulate exhaust emissions. Certain additives that are used in lubricating oils contain alkaline compounds which neutralize the acids in combustion gases. This minimizes corrosive wear. The measure of this reserve alkalinity in a lubricating oil is known as the oils Total Base Number TBN. In the USA, 0.05 percent diesel fuels have been used in all on-highway truck engines since 1 January 1994. This low sulfur diesel fuel was mandated as a means of directly reducing particulate emissions from diesel truck engines. This low sulfur fuel will also be used in Caterpillar machines when low emissions are needed or when supply sources provide this type of fuel. Caterpillar has not seen any detrimental effects with 0.05 percent sulfur fuel in Caterpillar machines. Periodically request information about fuel sulfur content from your fuel supplier. Fuel sulfur content can change with each bulk delivery. NOTICE Residual, Blended, or Heavy fuels must not be used in Caterpillar diesel engines. Severe component wear and component failures will result if residual type fuels are used. Fuel Specifications

4. Fuel Recommendations