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can be used for the direct injection engine requirements, as needed. Biocides may be needed in order to eliminate microorganism growth in storage tanks. In cold conditions,
treatment for entrained water may also be necessary.
Consult your fuel supplier about the use of additives in order to prevent incompatibility between additives that are already in the fuel and additives that will be used.
Fuel Sulfur The percentage of sulfur that is in the fuel will affect the engine oil recommendations.
Fuel sulfur is chemically changed during combustion. This chemical change causes the formation of sulfurous acid and of sulfuric acid. These acids cause corrosive wear to
metal surfaces. Sulfur oxides that are formed during combustion also produce particulate exhaust emissions.
Certain additives that are used in lubricating oils contain alkaline compounds which neutralize the acids in combustion gases. This minimizes corrosive wear. The measure
of this reserve alkalinity in a lubricating oil is known as the oils Total Base Number TBN.
In the USA, 0.05 percent diesel fuels have been used in all on-highway truck engines since 1 January 1994. This low sulfur diesel fuel was mandated as a means of directly
reducing particulate emissions from diesel truck engines. This low sulfur fuel will also be used in Caterpillar machines when low emissions are needed or when supply
sources provide this type of fuel. Caterpillar has not seen any detrimental effects with 0.05 percent sulfur fuel in Caterpillar machines.
Periodically request information about fuel sulfur content from your fuel supplier. Fuel sulfur content can change with each bulk delivery.
NOTICE Residual, Blended, or Heavy fuels must not be used in Caterpillar diesel engines. Severe component wear and component failures will result if residual type fuels
are used.
Fuel Specifications
4. Fuel Recommendations
NOTICE Fill the fuel tank at the end of each day of operation to drive out moist air and to prevent condensation.
Do not fill the tank to the top. Fuel expands as it gets warm and may overflow. NOTICE Do not fill fuel filters with fuel before installing them. Contaminated fuel will cause
accelerated wear to fuel system parts.
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Diesel fuels that meet the specifications in the table will provide rated engine performance and full component life. In North America, diesel fuel that is identified as
No. 1-D or as No. 2-D in ASTM D975 usually meets the specifications. Table 20 is for diesel fuels that are distilled from crude oil. Diesel fuels from other sources could
exhibit detrimental properties that are not defined or controlled by this specification.
Table 20
Caterpillar Specifications for Distillate Diesel Fuel Specifications ASTM
Test Requirements
Aromatics D1319 35 percent maximum
Ash D482 0.02 percent weight maximum
Carbon Residue on 10 percent Bottoms
D524 1.05 percent weight maximum
Cetane Number D613 35 PC minimum 40 Dl minimum
Cloud Point {D9T maximum cloud point
must not exceed ambient temperature Copper Strip
Corrosion D130 No. 3 maximum
Distillation D86 10 percent at 282°C 540°F maximum 90
percent at 360°G 680° F maximum Flash Point D93
Legal minimum API Gravity D287
30 minimum 45 maximum Pour Point D97
6°C 10°F minimum below ambient
temperature SulfuM D3605 or D1552 3 percent maximum
Viscosity2 D445 Kinematic at 40°C
104°F 1.4 cSt minimum 20.0 cSt maximum
Water and Sediment D1796
0.1 percent maximum Water D1744
0.1 percent maximum Sediment D473
0.05 percent maximum Gums and Resins D381
10 mg100ml_ maximum 5.8 grainsUS gal maximum
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Caterpillar fuel systems and engine components can operate on high sulfur fuels. Fuel sulfur levels affect exhaust emissions. High sulfur fuels also increase the potential for
corrosion in internal components. Fuel sulfur levels above 1.0 percent may significantly shorten the oil change interval. For additional information, see Operation and
Maintenance Manual, SEBU6250, Engine Oil.
The values of the fuel viscosity are the values that are delivered to the fuel injection pumps. If a fuel with a low viscosity is used, the fuel should maintain a 1.4 cSt viscosity
at the fuel injection pump. Fuels with a high viscosity might require fuel heaters in order to bring down the viscosity to a 20 cSt viscosity. For additional information, see Special
Publication, SEBD0717, Diesel Fuel and Your Engine.
Level I: Level I is a basic analysis which should be performed at every oil change or after every
250 hours of use.
The following items are tested: 1. Glycol Concentration
2. Concentration of SCA 3. pH
4. Conductivity The results are reported, and appropriate recommendations are made according to the
results. Level II:
Level II is a comprehensive analysis which should be performed during semiannual maintenance or after every 1000 hours of use.
The SO-S Coolant Analysis has the following four features: 1. Full analysis of Level I
2. Identification of metal corrosion and of contaminants 3. Identification of buildup of the impurities that cause corrosion
4. Identification of buildup of the impurities that cause scaling The results are reported, and appropriate recommendations are made.
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CONVENTIONAL COOLANT ANTIFREEZE COOLING SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
To ensure that the cooling system has adequate freeze protection, frequently check the antifreeze solution in cold weather. To monitor the concentration of supplemental
cooling additive SCA, test the concentration. You may also send a coolant sample to your Caterpillar dealer in order to test the concentration of SCA. Check the
concentration after every 250 service hours or after every month. The machine may need a supplemental coolant additive or a maintenance coolant additive element after
every 250 service hours or after every month.
NOTICE To prevent over-inhibiting the engines cooling system, do not use both supplemental coolant additive liquid and a supplemental coolant additive element if
equipped at the same time. Use one method exclusively.
When Diesel Engine AntifreezeCoolant is used with a supplemental coolant additive, perform the following maintenance procedures after every 3000 service hours or after
every year.
• Drain the cooling system. • Clean the cooling system.
• Flush the cooling system. • Fill the cooling system.
See Operation and Maintenance Manual, Cooling System Coolant - Change. When Diesel Engine AntifreezeCoolant is not used with a supplemental coolant
additive, perform the flushing procedure after every year. After you drain the cooling system and after you refill the cooling system, make sure
that the radiator cap is removed. Operate the engine until the coolant reaches normal operating temperature and the coolant level stabilizes. Fill the cooling system to the
proper level by adding the coolant mixture
1. Cooling System Cleaning
