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The focus of Sari‟s thesis is different in a way that it analyzes the accuracy and readability of domesticated translation. It does not go further with the
foreignized translation. Though, it also has similarity with the present thesis in terms of cultural expression.
B. Review of Related Theories
1. Theories of Translation
The first definition is presented by Catford 1974:20. He states that translation is the replacement of textual material in one language by equivalent
textual material in another language. Here, the core focus in translation is to find the equivalent translation. If a text cannot keep the equivalence of the SL, it will
trigger to an ambiguous meaning and the reader will come to a different conclusion.
The second definition comes from Newmark. He states that “Translation is
a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message andor statement in one language by the same message andor state
ment in another language.” 1988: 7
. This definition supports Catford‟s since it highlights the same message carried by the translation.
The „craft‟ in this definition strengthen the point that there is not any exact way in translating the text. It depends on the interpretation of the
translator and the way how the translator interprets it in the TT. However, the translator cannot ruin the message though heshe shares different attempts or
methods. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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The last definition is stated by Venuti: Translation is a process by which the chain of signifiers that constitutes the
source-language text is replaced by a chain of signifiers in the target language which the translator provides on the strength of an interpretation
1995: 17.
According to Venuti‟s definition of translation, the chain of signifiers in this
context means the meaning of the text. In addition, the meaning of the text, both from ST and TT, are consisting of diverse linguistic and cultural materials.
However, the translator needs to have a strong interpretation considering many aspects such as cultural and social condition.
From those definitions, it can be concluded that translation is a craft of textual material replacement from ST to TT equivalently created by a sharp
interpretation of a translator. In addition, both Catford and Newmark certainly emphasize the equivalence of the message, though Catford and Newmark apply
different linguistic or cultural structure. Thus, a great attempt is required in order to get a proper interpretation.
2. Foreignization
Foreignization and domestication are terms which are originally initiated by German theologian and philosopher Friedrich Schleiermacher in his essay
entitled
On the Different Method of Translations
on 1813. Then, these methods are elaborated further by American translation theorist Lawrence Venuti to tackle
the cultural differences in translation. Schleiermacher argues that
a foreignizing method is “an ethnodeviant pressure on those values to register the linguistic and cultural difference of the
foreign text, sending the reader abroad” in Venuti 1995: 20. „Sending the reader PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
