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between cultures may cause more severe complications for the translator than do differences in language structure” 1974: 130. That matter exists because culture
is something which has been pursued by a group of people for a very long time. Thus, even the slightest mistake in translating the cultural
– related terms can be taken as an act against the culture it represents.
c. Culture-Related Term Classifications
In this thesis, the classification which are chosen to specify the culture- related terms are taken from the combination of three theories. The first
classification is from Espindola and Vasconcellos 2006: 49 which classify the culture-related terms into twelve classifications. The second is Zare-Behtash and
Firoozkoohi‟s 2009: 1578 classification which sorts out the culture-related terms into eleven categories.
The third is Barry Tomalin and Susan Stempleski‟s classification which defines culture into three classifications.
Espindola and Vasconcellos depict the classification into: a
Toponyms: a place name, a geographical name, a proper name of locality, region, or some other part of Earth‟s surface or its natural or artificial feature;
b Anthroponyms: ordinary and famous people‟s names, nicknames, or names
referring to regional background which acquire identification status; c
Forms of entertainment: amusement or diversion including public performances or shows, it also encompasses hospitality, such as dinners,
parties, business lunches, etc. d
Means of transportation: the facilities used for the movement of people and goods from one place to another;
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e Fictional character: a person in a novel, play, or film who is related to fiction,
works of imagination; f
Legal system: rules to conduct inherent in human nature and essential in binding the human society;
g Local institution: an organization that helps or serves people in a certain area
health, education, work, political, administrative, religious, artistic, etc. h
Measuring system: units used in the determination of the size, weight, speed, length, etc.;
i Food and drink: any solid or liquid substance that is used by human beings as
a source of nourishment; j
Scholastic reference: related to school or studying; k
Religious celebration: to do something special to mark a religious occasion; l
Dialect: user-related variation, which determines speaker‟s status as regards social class, age, sex, education, etc.
The second classification is taken from Zare- Behtash and Firoozkoohi‟s
journal. They sort out the classification just the same as Espindola and Vasconcellos except religious celebration, scholastic reference, local institution,
and legal system. They are replaced with date, costume and clothes, and idiom. According to
Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary,
date is a particular day of the month stated in numbers or words. Besides, date is not only refers to
particular day, it also refers a time in the past or future 2000: 318. In conclusion, date as the categorization of culture-related terms covers any time in the whole
entire universe, it can be date, day, month, year, or era. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
