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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
A. Object of the Study
The object of the study is Jane Austen’s novel entitled Emma. It was first published by John Murray in 1816. While the book that the writer analyzed was
published in 1988 by Penguin Books Ltd. The novel consists of 387 pages that are divided into three sections. These three sections are divided into chapters.
The first and second sections are the same, from chapter 1 until chapter 18. Only the third section which is until chapter 19. The first section tells about the failure
of Emma in matchmaking Harriet Smith to Mr. Elton and the postponement of Frank Churchill to visit Highbury. The second section tells about Mr. Elton’s
marriage to Augusta Hawkins and Emma’s interest to Frank Churchill who finally arrives in Highburry. The last section tells about the awareness of Emma
about her love to Mr. Knightley and the agreement of Emma to let Harriet Smith marry Robert Martin.
Although Emma is not the most popular novel of Jane Austen, it is regarded as her greatest, as Frank N. Magill says “Although Pride and Prejudice
has always been her most popular novel, Emma is generally regarded as her greatest” 1989: 240.
B. Approach of the Study
This study applies New Criticism as its approach. Bressler states that the purpose of New Criticism is to reveal the structure of the work of art and its
interrelationship and to find out the idea developed from the work itself 1999: 43. This approach is chosen since the study focuses on the elements within the
novel, which is characters. Bressler also mentions that the New Criticism features the interrelation and interconnection of each element to reflect the
work’s main idea, thus the elements and the form of the work cannot be separable 1999: 43. To discover the overall meaning of the form of a work , all
elements must be analyzed and united first 1999: 44.
C. Method of the Study
The method that is used in the study is library research. The writer read and collected data from books and other sources to support the study. It consists
of primary and secondary sources. The primary source of this study is Emma, a novel by Jane Austen. The
secondary sources were taken from previous studies related to this study and some books which could be utilized to support this study, such as; An Approach
to English Literature, A Glossary of Literary Terms, Aspect of the Novel, A Great Victorian Assessment of Jane Austen, An Introduction to Fiction, Literary
Criticism, Understanding Unseens, The Anatomy of Prose Fiction, Reading and Writing about Literature, and The College’s Writer’s Guide to the Study of
Literature. All those books help the writer to analyze the problems of this study.
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