Collocations are necessary to build students ’ mental lexicon.
6
In writing, the lexicon activated words based on the meaning and then translated into orthographic
code.
7
With giving words combination, it can be considered that the words that often come together in the context of procedure text particularly in genre of recipes will be
placed in one catalog entries in the students’ lexicon. For instance, when students are
given lexical collocation such as heat the oil or fry the onion, it will help them to identify what they should do if they have nouns such as oil and onion. Other example
is grammatical collocation such as pour into. The students will automatically think what they should do and to what kind of equipment it should be placed.
As the writer mentioned earlier about the problem that faced by grade 7 of junior high school students in writing procedure text and the necessary of collocation
in building students’ mental lexicon and its role in producing coherent text, the writer decided to conduct the study that had aim to find out whether collocation
instruction,which means noticing collocation through using them in writing process, has positive effect in writing procedure text at grade VII of SMP Islamiyah Ciputat
where the writer had access and permission to conduct this study. The writer selected free collocation that only related in the context of
procedure text particularly in genre of recipes to be presented, for instance, verb+noun crack the egg, heat the oil, verb+adverb stir carefully, and
verb+preposition pour into, boil for.The writer expected that it will help to reduce students
’confusion in constructing procedure text because the way words combined in collocation is necessary to avoid
students’ mistake as an impact of different pattern of Indonesian as mother tongue with English as a target language.
6
Jimmie Hill in Michael Lewis, Teaching Collocation: Further Developments in the Lexical Approach, Hove: Language Teaching Publications, 2000, pp.53-56
7
J.B. Gleason N.B. Ratner, Psycholinguistics, Harcourt New York: Brace College Publishers, 1993, p.203
B. Identification of the Problem
Based on the background of the study above, the writer identified the problems as follow:
1. Students have a problem in combining words with an appropriate pattern
because they do not know the words that often combined together. 2.
Students have a problem of negative transfer because Indonesian, as students’ mother tongue has different pattern with English as a target language.
3. Students have difficulty in arranging words for constructing a text because
they often confuse to connect the words in an appropriate way.
C. Limitation of the study
This study focuses on two main investigations. The first is the implementation of collocation instruction and the second is positive effect of collocation instruction in
the process of writing procedure text at grade VII of SMP Islamiyah Ciputat.
D. Formulation of the study
Based on the identification of the problem above, the writer formulates the study as follows
“Is collocation instruction effective towards students’ writing skill of procedure text at grade VII of SMP Islamiyah Ciputat
?”
E. Purpose of the study
The aim of this study is to find out whether collocation instruction is effective or not for improving
students’ writing skill of procedure text at grade VII of SMP Islamiyah Ciputat.
F. Significant of the study
There are three significant from the writer: 1.
The writer hopes that this study will raise teacher awareness to take collocation instruction into consideration in teaching procedure text because it
will help students to produce multi word rather than word as a single isolation. 2.
The writer hopes that this study will encourage teacher to use collocation instruction for teaching procedure text because collocation instruction will
help students ’ understanding of combining words in an appropriate pattern
and arranging them into a text. 3.
The writer hopes that this study will have benefit on the nextsimilar subject study.
CHAPTER II THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK
This chapter consists of literature review that describes writing and collocation, previous study, thinking framework, and hypothesis of this study.
A. Literature Review
1. Procedure Text
a. Definition of Procedure Text
A text can be seen from two key perspectives, a thing that can be recorded, analysed and discussed; and also a process that is the outcome of a socially produced
occasion.
1
Procedure text is one of the text types that shows a process to make or to operate something. Procedure text has a function to tell how something is done
through a sequence of step. A procedure enables people to do or to make things that are new to them and to make sure they do or make things in the correct order. It also
includes all that need to be done. Procedure covers the countless things that people do. It has a goal and a result.
The result of procedure should be reflected in the goal. The procedure tells how to achieve the goal. It should be consist of step by step to achieve the goal. Procedure is
important in daily life, for instance, telling how to make a cup of coffee, telling step by step instruction how to cook rice using rice cooker, giving direct
ion to someone’s house, etc.
1
Peter Knapp Megan Watkins, Genre, Text, Grammar: Technologies for Teaching and Assessing Writing Sidney: University of New South Wales Press Ltd., 2005, p.13
b. The purpose of procedure Text
Beard mentions four purposes of texts which are to persuade, to instruct or advise, to entertain and to inform.
2
Procedure text involve in the category of texts that has a purpose to instruct or advise. It is a text that gives instruction to the reader what
they should do to achieve their goal. Procedure is written for different audiences. In writing a procedure text, it is
required to think about the audience and consider the following in order to achieve the purpose which is to instruct or advise the audience to do something
3
: -
The age of the audience. -
Whether the audience has any previous experience of the procedure. -
Whether the audience will need special instructions about the equipment needed or about the steps to be done.
c. Genre of Procedure Text
Writing is a process that often heavily influenced by the constraints of genres, then these elements have to be present in learning activities.
4
There are various genre in writing procedure text. Genre itself is defined as a category assigned on the basis
of external criteria such as intended audience, purpose, and activity type.
5
It means that genre describes certain types of activities. Genre in procedure text includes
recipes, directions, instruction manuals, administrative procedures, maintenance notices, advices texts, rules, etc.
2
Adrian Beard, How Text Work, New York: Routledge, 2003, p.25
3
June Keir, Text Types Book 3 Informative Texts Recognising And Creating Procedures, Explanations, Recounts And Descriptions, Australia: Ready-Ed Publications, 2009 p.14
4
Jeremy Harmer, How to Teach Writing. Edinburg: Pearson Education Limited, 2004, p.86
5
Brian Paltridge, Genre, Text Type, and the Language Learning Classroom, ELT Journal Volume 50, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 3 July 1996
