equal classes, the first class as experimental group who receives the experimental treatment and second class is control group.
D. Data Collection
The writer used instrument in order to get the better data. To make this study successful, the writer used some instruments to collect data, they are as follows:
1. Test
a. Pre-test
Pre-test provides a measure on some attribute or characteristic that the writer assess for participants in an experiment before they receive a
treatment.
3
The purpose of pre-test is to know the basic students ’ ability
in writing procedure text. The instrument of the pre-test is written test. b.
Post-test Post-test is a measure on some attribute or characteristic that is assessed
for participants in an experiment after a treatment.
4
The purpose of post- test in this study is to know the students
’ ability improvement in writing procedure texts. The instrument of the post-test is written test.
2. Validity of Test
Validity is the compatibility of a test. It means that a test should measure what supposed to measure. There are several types of validity, and one of them is
content validity. Content validity means that the validity is based on a careful analysis of the language being tested and the particular course objective.
5
Alderson, et al. argue that content validity involves a judgement from experts in some systematic way such as analysing the content of the test and
3
Jhon W. Creswell, Ibid., p.297
4
Ibid.
5
J. B. Heaton, Writing English Language Tests, London: Longman Group UK Ltd., 1990, p.160
comparing them with statement of what the content should be.
6
They add that the statement may be organized as syllabus or curriculum, or a domain
specification. Therefore, the writer used curriculum and syllabus KTSP of VII grade junior high school as content validity to justify that the test is valid.
3. Observation
Observation was the activity that was done by the writer to get the data. The observation focused on teacher and students activity in classroom. In this part,
the researcher used checklist as instrument to take information related to the activity in the class room. The following is the observation checklist used by
the writer:
Observation Checklist No Activities
Description 1
Teacher’s clarity in explaining material Very Good
Good Average
Poor Very poor
2 Classroom management
Very Good Good
Average Poor
Very poor 3
Teacher’s interaction with students Very Good
Good
6
Alderson J.C., et al., Language Test Construction and Evaluation, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995, p.173
