b. The purpose of procedure Text
Beard mentions four purposes of texts which are to persuade, to instruct or advise, to entertain and to inform.
2
Procedure text involve in the category of texts that has a purpose to instruct or advise. It is a text that gives instruction to the reader what
they should do to achieve their goal. Procedure is written for different audiences. In writing a procedure text, it is
required to think about the audience and consider the following in order to achieve the purpose which is to instruct or advise the audience to do something
3
: -
The age of the audience. -
Whether the audience has any previous experience of the procedure. -
Whether the audience will need special instructions about the equipment needed or about the steps to be done.
c. Genre of Procedure Text
Writing is a process that often heavily influenced by the constraints of genres, then these elements have to be present in learning activities.
4
There are various genre in writing procedure text. Genre itself is defined as a category assigned on the basis
of external criteria such as intended audience, purpose, and activity type.
5
It means that genre describes certain types of activities. Genre in procedure text includes
recipes, directions, instruction manuals, administrative procedures, maintenance notices, advices texts, rules, etc.
2
Adrian Beard, How Text Work, New York: Routledge, 2003, p.25
3
June Keir, Text Types Book 3 Informative Texts Recognising And Creating Procedures, Explanations, Recounts And Descriptions, Australia: Ready-Ed Publications, 2009 p.14
4
Jeremy Harmer, How to Teach Writing. Edinburg: Pearson Education Limited, 2004, p.86
5
Brian Paltridge, Genre, Text Type, and the Language Learning Classroom, ELT Journal Volume 50, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 3 July 1996
Procedure texts explain how to realize a certain goal by means of actions which are at least partially temporally organized.
6
A procedure text can be a simple, ordered list of instructions to reach a goal, but it can also be less linear, outlining
different ways to realize something, with arguments, advices, conditions, hypothesis, preferences. It also often contains a number of recommendations, warnings, and
comments of various types.
d. Grammatical Features of Procedure Text
The following are some of the grammatical feature of procedure text
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: Action Verb
It is used to represent the processes involved in completing a task, for instance:
Spread the bread with the jam.
Pour the water into the pan.
Adverb It is often used to qualify verbs and to provide extrra information
about how a task should be completed, for instance:
Add the ingredients slowly. Stir the tea carefully.
Temporal connective It is used to ensure processes are placed in the correct order of
time, for instance:
First melt the butter, then add the flour.
6
Estelle Delpech Patrick Saint-Dizier, Investigating the Structure of Procedural Texts: Identification of Titles and Instructions, JADT Journées I
nternationales d’Analyse statistique des Données Textuelles, 2008.
7
Peter Knapp Megan Watkins, op. cit., pp.156-157
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