B. Method and Design of the Study
This study uses quantitative method. According to Creswell, quantitative research has several characteristics, one of them is describing a research problem
through a description of trends or a need for an explanation of the relationship among variables. It is also analyzing trends, comparing groups, or relating variable using
statistical analysis and interpreting results by comparing them with prior predictions and past research.
1
This study used quasi-experimental design with controlled group and experimental group. Quasi-experimental design were used because this study is
an experimental design that does not meet all the requirements necessary for controlling the influence of extraneous variables. In this study, controlled group
means a group who only gets traditional learning like translating or doing exercise without being given some collocations. In contrast, experimental group was presented
some collocations related to the context of procedure text particularly genre of recipes during writing class.
C. Population and Sample
Population is a group of individuals who have the same characteristic that the researcher can identify, whereas sample is a subgroup of the population that the
researcher plans to study. Sample is individuals who are represents the entire population.
2
In this study, the writer uses convenience sampling approach of nonprobability sampling. The reason of the writer using that sampling approach is
because the writer selects participants who are available to be studied. The writer decided to conduct study at grade VII students of SMP Islamiyah Ciputat because the
students were available for this study which means that the students fulfilled the criteria of this study. It also because the writer had access to the school and had the
permission of the principal to conduct this study. This study will be conducted in two
1
Jhon W. Creswell, Education Research Methodology, Boston: Pearson Education, Inc., 2012, p.13
2
Jhon W. Creswell, Ibid., p.142
equal classes, the first class as experimental group who receives the experimental treatment and second class is control group.
D. Data Collection
The writer used instrument in order to get the better data. To make this study successful, the writer used some instruments to collect data, they are as follows:
1. Test
a. Pre-test
Pre-test provides a measure on some attribute or characteristic that the writer assess for participants in an experiment before they receive a
treatment.
3
The purpose of pre-test is to know the basic students ’ ability
in writing procedure text. The instrument of the pre-test is written test. b.
Post-test Post-test is a measure on some attribute or characteristic that is assessed
for participants in an experiment after a treatment.
4
The purpose of post- test in this study is to know the students
’ ability improvement in writing procedure texts. The instrument of the post-test is written test.
2. Validity of Test
Validity is the compatibility of a test. It means that a test should measure what supposed to measure. There are several types of validity, and one of them is
content validity. Content validity means that the validity is based on a careful analysis of the language being tested and the particular course objective.
5
Alderson, et al. argue that content validity involves a judgement from experts in some systematic way such as analysing the content of the test and
3
Jhon W. Creswell, Ibid., p.297
4
Ibid.
5
J. B. Heaton, Writing English Language Tests, London: Longman Group UK Ltd., 1990, p.160
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