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In applying the extrinsic approach, there are some suggestions. Wellek and Warren, 1956: 77-134 suggest some theories, which can be used to analyze a
literary works; “literature and biography, literature and psychology, literature and society, literature and ideas, literature and the other arts”.
According to Rohrberger and Woods 1971: 6-15 state that there are 5 kinds of approaches. They are formalist approach, biographical approach,
sociocultural-historical approach, mythopoeic approach, and psychological approach.
In this study, I use the psychological approach. Psychological approach is the effort to locate and demonstrate certain recurrent patterns, but from a different
body of knowledge that is psychology Rohrberger and Woods, 1971: 13. Psychological approach is used to explain about human motivation especially the
motivation of the main character, Chantal Prym, in saving Viscos village. It is because study of psychology deals with the mind, its senses and human behavior.
The main character’s motivation can be seen from her behavior when she focuses on getting her goal. Through this approach, the character’s motivation can be
analyzed deeply.
2. Theory of Motivation
I am sure that people who have motivations, they have dreams too. As Zulkanaen 2007: 13 says that “everything happens to us is begun from our
dreams”. It is because people are free to dream everything in every time and everywhere ibid, 13. There is no one can limit someone’s dreams. Yet, dream is
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not enough pushing someone to reach his goal. There is one thing that really will be able to force someone to be motivated in reaching his goal, it is called needs.
Need is needed because it helps motivation leads human to do an action. “Motivation is sufficient reason to behave as they do” Kennedy and Gioia, 1995:
60, because it can push someone to do something that he or she wants. This motivation theory is needed in this thesis because I want to analyze about the
main character’s motivation in this novel. Motivated behavior is someone’s behavior which is set to make an action
by a need Kalish, 1973: 29. A need here indicates that some types of someone’s satisfaction is lacking and implies someone to reduce the dissatisfaction. Atkinson,
Atkinson, and Hilgard 1983: 314 also state that “motivation refers to the factors that energize and direct behavior”. It means that in motivation energizes someone
to do something, for example a hungry person is motivated to seek food to eat and a thirsty person to drink. Based on Worchel and Shebilkske’s theory 1989: 373
which state that people who are motivated always act in a certain way at a certain time. That is the reason why they conclude that “the study of motivation is
concerned with how and why people behave as they do-what energize and direct their behavior” ibid, 411.
Motivation will appear if there are some needs to be achieved. It is similar to Waringin’s theory 2007: 19 which mentions that human brain has a system
where human tends to search of pleasure and avoid misery automatically. Pleasure here indicates human needs. Thus, I conclude this theory is suitable with theory of
motivation which says that needs serve as a basis for someone’s motivation to do
