Objectives of the Study Research Benefits

8 not enough pushing someone to reach his goal. There is one thing that really will be able to force someone to be motivated in reaching his goal, it is called needs. Need is needed because it helps motivation leads human to do an action. “Motivation is sufficient reason to behave as they do” Kennedy and Gioia, 1995: 60, because it can push someone to do something that he or she wants. This motivation theory is needed in this thesis because I want to analyze about the main character’s motivation in this novel. Motivated behavior is someone’s behavior which is set to make an action by a need Kalish, 1973: 29. A need here indicates that some types of someone’s satisfaction is lacking and implies someone to reduce the dissatisfaction. Atkinson, Atkinson, and Hilgard 1983: 314 also state that “motivation refers to the factors that energize and direct behavior”. It means that in motivation energizes someone to do something, for example a hungry person is motivated to seek food to eat and a thirsty person to drink. Based on Worchel and Shebilkske’s theory 1989: 373 which state that people who are motivated always act in a certain way at a certain time. That is the reason why they conclude that “the study of motivation is concerned with how and why people behave as they do-what energize and direct their behavior” ibid, 411. Motivation will appear if there are some needs to be achieved. It is similar to Waringin’s theory 2007: 19 which mentions that human brain has a system where human tends to search of pleasure and avoid misery automatically. Pleasure here indicates human needs. Thus, I conclude this theory is suitable with theory of motivation which says that needs serve as a basis for someone’s motivation to do 9 something. When someone’s needs have not been fulfilled, he will be motivated to try hard until he gets his satisfactions. Henry Murray 1938 as quoted in Worchel and Shebilkske 1989: 406 suggests that some people are brought by a motive to do things as soon as possible. This can be meant as achievement motivation. In short, people’s need that must be fulfilled at one can be said as achievement motivation. There are two forms of motivation that affect achievement motivation: intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Extrinsic motivation is motivated behavior that results from external factors, such as promotion, status or any similar types of rewards. Intrinsic motivation is motivated behavior that derives from the enjoyment of performing the task rather than from an expected reward Worchel and Shebilkske, 1989: 408. According to Petri 1981: 3, motivation is the concept which we use when we want to describe the action or within someone to initiate and direct behavior. Staw 1976 as quoted in Petri 1979: 315 also defines that “intrinsic motivation as the value or pleasure associated with an activity as opposed to the goal toward which the activity is directed”. While, extrinsic motivation, emphasizes the external goals towards which the activity is directed. Other researchers, Huffman, Vernoy, and Vernoy 2000: 392 state that motivation refers to factors of an individual such as needs, desires, and interests which activate, maintain, and direct behavior toward his goal. Why an individual has motivation to do something? The key to understanding this is achievement motivation. Achievement motivation is “the need for success for doing better than others, and for mastering challenging tasks; the desire to excel, especially in