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E. Definition of Terms
In this study, there are some terms to be defined to avoid misinterpretation. The first term is dream. Dream is “an ambition or ideal” Oxford Advanced Learner’s
Dictionary, 1995: 353. In this study, dream is defined as someone’s ambition which will be reached if he or she has the opportunity in his or her life.
The second term is goal. Goal is “the object of one’s efforts; a target” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 1995: 509. In this study, goal is defined as
someone’s aim in his or her life which has to be reached. The third is needs. “Need is internal or homeostatic imbalance that must be
satisfied in order to keep the body performing at a consistent level” Worchel and Shebilkske, 1989: 375. In this study, need is defined as something that need to be
fulfilled so that the balance will restore. The fourth is motivation. Huffman, Vernoy, Vernoy 2000: 392 state that
motivation is the process of activating, maintaining, and directing behavior toward a particular goal. According to Petri 1981: 3, “motivation is the concept we use when
we describe the forces acting or on within an organism to initiate and direct behavior.” In this study, motivation is defined as a desire or an action to do
something that is motivated to reach some goals or needs that have to be fulfilled. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter will discuss some theories used to analyze the novel and answer the problem formulations. There are three parts that are presented in this
chapter. The first part is review of related theories which is dealing with theory of critical approach, theory of motivation and theory of human needs. The second
part is criticism. It consists of the articles and reviews by people who have read about this novel, The Devil and Miss Prym 2000. The third part is theoretical
framework. It consists of the contribution of the theories and reviews applied in this study to answer the problems formulated in this thesis.
A. Review of Related Theories 1. Theory of Critical Approaches
Reading a novel is a pleasant thing in literary work. In understanding the novel, we do not only know about the title, plot, or the author but also broaden our
knowledge about literary deeper. In order to help readers in understanding about how literature is shaped
and the meaning of it, Wellek and Warren 1956: 80 suggest two approaches to study literary works; those are the intrinsic and the extrinsic approaches. Each
approach has its point of view. When analyzing a novel with the intrinsic approach, it means that we analyze and appreciate a novel from its elements such
as character, plot, setting, and etc. On the other hand, the extrinsic approach allows us to analyze a novel based on the theories of another field of knowledge.
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In applying the extrinsic approach, there are some suggestions. Wellek and Warren, 1956: 77-134 suggest some theories, which can be used to analyze a
literary works; “literature and biography, literature and psychology, literature and society, literature and ideas, literature and the other arts”.
According to Rohrberger and Woods 1971: 6-15 state that there are 5 kinds of approaches. They are formalist approach, biographical approach,
sociocultural-historical approach, mythopoeic approach, and psychological approach.
In this study, I use the psychological approach. Psychological approach is the effort to locate and demonstrate certain recurrent patterns, but from a different
body of knowledge that is psychology Rohrberger and Woods, 1971: 13. Psychological approach is used to explain about human motivation especially the
motivation of the main character, Chantal Prym, in saving Viscos village. It is because study of psychology deals with the mind, its senses and human behavior.
The main character’s motivation can be seen from her behavior when she focuses on getting her goal. Through this approach, the character’s motivation can be
analyzed deeply.
2. Theory of Motivation
I am sure that people who have motivations, they have dreams too. As Zulkanaen 2007: 13 says that “everything happens to us is begun from our
dreams”. It is because people are free to dream everything in every time and everywhere ibid, 13. There is no one can limit someone’s dreams. Yet, dream is
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